Review 5: TAG degradation, fatty acid oxidation, and ketone body metabolism

Question 1

What hormone/neurotransmitter activates HSTL (hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase)?

Answer 1

Epinephrine

Question 2

What does HSTL do?

Answer 2

mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue to TAGs

Question 3

Epinephrine __________ (inhibits/activates) fatty acid biosynthesis

Answer 3

INHIBITS

Question 4

Epinephrine ___________ (increases/decreases) beta oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 4

INCREASES

Question 5

Overall, epinephrine ____________ (increases/decreases) ketone body formation

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

What 3 things is an increase in beta oxidation associated with?

Answer 6

1) increased ketone body formation
2) inhibiting glycolysis
3) facilitating gluconeogenesis

Question 7

What is responsible for transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 7

carnitine (CPT/CAT)

Question 8

What is the only inhibitor of CPT1?

Answer 8

malonyl CoA

Question 9

Where does malonyl CoA come from?

Answer 9

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 10

What is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis?

Answer 10

acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 11

Increasing malonyl coA _________ ketone body formation

Answer 11

reduces

Question 12

Decreased malonyl coA __________ fatty acid oxidations

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

What is the rate limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis?

Answer 13

HMG CoA synthase

Question 14

Where are ketone bodies made?

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

Where are ketone bodies utilized?

Answer 15

NOT in the liver

Question 16

What reaction does HSTLipase catalyze?

Answer 16

TAG ———> free fatty acids

Question 17

activation of acetyl CoA carboxylase ________ (reduces/enhances) ketone body formation

Answer 17

reduces