Review 11: Liver

Question 1

What are the 2 phases in drug metabolism by the liver?

Answer 1

1) PHASE 1: introduce OH or COOH groups to make product soluble (accomplished by enzyme complex of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase)
2) PHASE 2: conjugate products of phase 1 with compounds that make them hydrophilic (glycine, taurine, etc)

Question 2

Why is the liver important in carbohydrate metabolism?

Answer 2

It builds and stores glycogen (100g)

glucose –> G6P –> G1P –> UDP glucose –> glycogen

Question 3

What proteins are produced by the liver?

Answer 3

1) Albumin
2) Fibrinogen
3) Prothrombin
4) Transferrin
5) Haptoglobin
6) Hemopexin

Question 4

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 4

A, D, E, K

Question 5

What is the common name for vitamin A?

Answer 5

Retinol

Question 6

How does the liver control vitamin A?

Answer 6

when serum levels are low, liver hydrolyzes retinyl ester making retinol

Question 7

Where are the major vitamin D stores?

Answer 7

skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 8

What role does the liver play in vitamin D regulation?

Answer 8

liver responsible for initial activation of D3

Question 9

Why is vitamin K important to the liver?

Answer 9

it is necessary for hepatocyte synthesis of prothrombin

Question 10

The liver is responsible for the storage and homeostasis of iron and specifically is important in housing _____________

Answer 10

copper