Review 3

Question 1

Efface

Answer 1

[ T ] formal to remove something intentionally:

The whole country had tried to efface the memory of the old dictatorship.

Question 2

Self effacing

Answer 2

not making yourself noticeable, or not trying to get the attention of other people:

The captain was typically self-effacing when questioned about the team’s successes, giving credit to the other players.

Question 3

Cringe

Answer 3

to feel embarrassed and ashamed about something:
I cringed when I realized what I’d said.
​
To cringe is also to pull back in fear from someone or something that seems powerful and dangerous:
He cringes every time he hears the dentist’s drill.

Question 4

Cower

Answer 4

to lower your head or body in fear, often while moving backwards:
Stop cowering! I’m not going to hit you.

The dog cowered in the corner, realizing she’d done something wrong.

Question 5

Revue

Answer 5

a show with songs, dances, jokes, and short plays often about recent events

Question 6

Avarice

Answer 6

an extremely strong wish to get or keep money or possessions:
Her business empire brought her wealth beyond the dreams of avarice (= an extremely large amount of money).

Question 7

Adhesive

Answer 7

glue:

You’ll need a/some strong adhesive to mend that chair.

Question 8

Precipitous

Answer 8

If a slope is precipitous, it is very steep:
a precipitous mountain path
​
If a reduction or increase is precipitous, it is fast or great:
Over the past 18 months, there has been a precipitous fall in car sales.

Question 9

Secrecy

Answer 9

the state of being secret or of keeping something secret:

The content of her report is shrouded in secrecy (= being kept secret).
I’d love to tell you about it, but Martin’s sworn me to secrecy (= made me promise not to tell anyone).
There has been strong criticism of the secrecy surrounding the negotiations.

Question 10

Stealth

Answer 10

movement that is quiet and careful in order not to be seen or heard, or secret action:
These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers.
It would seem that some politicians would prefer to use financial stealth rather than legislation to produce change.
The weapons had been acquired by stealth.

Question 11

Resit

Answer 11

to take an exam again:

If you fail these exams, you can resit them next year.

Question 12

Minim

Answer 12

Us half note

a musical note with a time value equal to two crotchets or half a semibreve

โน้ตตัวขาว

Question 13

Crotchet

Answer 13

Us quarter note

a musical note with a time value equal to two quavers or half a minim
โน้ตตัวดำ

Question 14

Quaver

Answer 14

us eighth note

a musical note that is half as long as a crotchet

ตัวเขบ็ต

Question 15

Semibreve

Answer 15

us whole note
​
a musical note with a time value equal to two minims or four crotchets

โน้ตตัวกลม

Question 16

Tat

Answer 16

informal
anything that looks cheap, is of low quality, or in bad condition:

Like most souvenir shops, it sells a lot of old tat.

Question 17

Shard

Answer 17

a piece of a broken glass, cup, container, or similar object:

Shards of glass have been cemented into the top of the wall to stop people climbing over.

Question 18

Sliver

Answer 18

a very small, thin piece of something, usually broken off something larger:

a sliver of glass
Just a sliver of cake for me, please - I shouldn’t really be having any.

Question 19

Enthuse

Answer 19

to express excitement about something or great interest in it:
He was enthusing over a wonderful restaurant he’d been to.
[ + speech ] “She’s the best leader that this country has ever known!” he enthused.
​
[ T ] to get other people to share your excitement and interest in a particular subject:
He was passionately interested in classical music but failed to enthuse his children (with it).

Question 20

Remunerate

Answer 20

to pay someone for work or services:

He is poorly remunerated for all the work he does.

Question 21

Plenipotentiary

Answer 21

a person who has the authority to represent his or her country, especially in another country

Question 22

Abject

Answer 22

the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc.:
They live in abject poverty.
This policy has turned out to be an abject failure.

showing no pride or respect for yourself:
an abject apology
He is almost abject in his respect for his boss.

Question 23

Shack

Answer 23

a simple, small building:

The family lived in a one-room shack.

Question 24

Procession

Answer 24

a line of people who are all walking or travelling in the same direction, especially in a formal way as part of a religious ceremony or public celebration:
a wedding/funeral procession
The festival will open with a procession led by the mayor.
​
[ S ] a series of people or things, one after the other:
My day has just been a never-ending procession of visitors.

Question 25

Lapel

Answer 25

a strip of cloth that is part of the front of a jacket or coat. It is joined to the collar and folded back onto the chest:
A flower was pinned to/in her lapel.

Question 26

Evict

Answer 26

to force someone to leave somewhere:
Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted.
He was evicted from the bar for drunken and disorderly behaviour.

Question 27

Peal

Answer 27

Chime

When bells peal, they ring with a loud sound:
After their wedding, the bells pealed out from the tower.

a long loud sound or series of sounds, especially of laughter or thunder:
Her suggestion was met with peals of laughter.
A loud peal of thunder woke him from restless sleep.

Question 28

Axilla

Answer 28

Armpit

Question 29

Rancour

Answer 29

a feeling of hate and continuing anger about something in the past:
They cheated me, but I feel no rancour towards/against them.

Spite

Question 30

Feeler

Answer 30

one of the two long parts on the head of an insect and some other creatures with which it touches things in order to discover what is around it

Question 31

Anon

Answer 31

soon or in the near future:
See you anon.

Old use

Question 32

Grasping

Answer 32

Greedy

(of people) always trying to get and keep more of something, especially money:
a grasping, greedy man

Question 33

Fall short

Answer 33

to fail to reach an amount or standard that was expected or hoped for, causing disappointment:
August car sales fell short of the industry’s expectations.

Question 34

Ring a bell

Answer 34

ring any bells
​
to sound familiar:
The name rang a bell but I couldn’t remember where I had heard it before.
No, I’m sorry, that description doesn’t ring any bells with me.

Question 35

Mohair

Answer 35

a soft wool or cloth made from the outer hair of angora goats (= goats with long soft hair):
a mohair jumper

Angora
the wool or material made from the long, soft hair of a type of rabbit or goat:
an angora sweater

Question 36

Terra-cotta

Answer 36

hard, baked, red-brown clay:

terra-cotta tiles

Question 37

Undying

Answer 37

Undying feelings or beliefs are permanent and never end:

He pledged undying love/loyalty.

Question 38

Absolve

Answer 38

(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something:

The report absolved her from/of all blame for the accident.
The priest absolved him (of all his sins).

Question 39

Chest

Answer 39

a large, strong box, usually made of wood, used for storing goods or possessions or for moving possessions from one place to another:

Her books and clothes were packed into chests and shipped across to Canada.

Question 40

Crate

Answer 40

a box made of wood, plastic, or metal, especially one divided into parts to hold bottles:
a milk crate
a crate of empty bottles
a packing crate

Question 41

Sag

Answer 41

to drop down to a lower level in the middle:
The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy books.
a sagging roof/floor/bed
​
to become weaker:
The dollar held up well this morning but the pound sagged.

Question 42

Droop

Answer 42

to bend or hang down heavily:
The flowers were drooping in the heat.
I can see you’re tired because your eyelids have started to droop.
​
If your spirits (= feelings of happiness) droop, you start to feel less happy and energetic.

Question 43

Curtail

Answer 43

Shorten

​
to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something:
to curtail your holiday/spending
With all the snow, our daily walks have been severely curtailed.
He had to curtail his speech when time ran out.

Question 44

Curtailment

Answer 44

the action of reducing or limiting something, or of stopping something before it is finished:
She condemned postwar curtailment of civil liberties.
The policy included insurance against cancellation or curtailment of the holiday.

Question 45

Barren

Answer 45

Infertile

unable to produce plants or fruit:
We drove through a barren, rocky landscape.
​
formal unable to have children or young animals
​
not creating or producing anything new:
She became very depressed during the barren years when she was unable to paint.

Question 46

Windowsill

Answer 46

US Window ledge

a shelf below a window, either inside or outside a building:
He has a few plants in pots on the windowsill.

Question 47

Ledge

Answer 47

a narrow, flat area like a shelf that sticks out from a building, cliff, or other vertical surface:
a window ledge

Question 48

Hurl

Answer 48

Throw
to throw something with a lot of force, usually in an angry or violent way:
In a fit of temper he hurled the book across the room.
Youths hurled stones at the soldiers.

to shout insults or rude language at someone angrily:
I wasn’t going to stand there while he hurled abuse at me!

Question 49

Tartan

Answer 49

Plaid

​
a pattern of different coloured straight lines crossing each other at 90 degree angles, or a cloth with this pattern:
a tartan kilt

Question 50

Diction

Answer 50

the manner in which words are pronounced:

It is very helpful for a language teacher to have good diction.

Question 51

Air

Answer 51

C2 [ S ] manner or appearance:
She has an air of confidence about her.

to make opinions or complaints known to other people:
Putting a complaint in the suggestions box is one way of airing your grievances.
He’ll air his views on the war whether people want to listen or not.

Question 52

Testy

Answer 52

Bad tempered

easily annoyed and not patient:
a testy old man
testy comments

Question 53

Vat

Answer 53

a large container used for mixing or storing liquid substances, especially in a factory:
a vat of wine/oil
The grapes are crushed in deep wooden vats.

Question 54

Distil

Answer 54

to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid:
Some strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky are made by distilling.

Question 55

Pathos

Answer 55

a quality in life or art that causes feelings of sadness or sympathy:
The dying girl’s speech generates genuine pathos.

Question 56

Alcove

Answer 56

a small space in a room, formed by one part of a wall being further back than the parts on each side:
We’ve put some bookshelves in the alcove.

Question 57

Contender

Answer 57

Competitor

someone who is qualified to compete to win something or to achieve a position of leadership: :
He is a top contender for Senate majority leader.

Now aged 42, he is no longer considered a serious contender for the title.

Question 58

Contend

Answer 58

to compete in order to win something:
There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title.
He’s contending against someone with twice his experience.

[ T + (that) ] formal to say that something is true or is a fact:
The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime.

Question 59

Laud

Answer 59

to praise:
The German leadership lauded the Russian initiative.

The president lauded the rise of market economies around the world.

Question 60

Gaffe

Answer 60

a remark or action that is a social mistake and not considered polite:
I made a real gaffe - I called his new wife “Judy”, which is the name of his ex-wife.
You started eating before anyone else had been served? What a gaffe!

Faux pas

Question 61

Faux pas

Answer 61

words or behaviour that are a social mistake or not polite:

I made some remark about his wife’s family, and then realized I’d made a serious faux pas.

Question 62

Blunder

Answer 62

a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking:
He said that the tax was a major political blunder.
I made a blunder by getting his name wrong.

[ I usually + adv/prep ] to move in an awkward way:
I could hear him blundering around in the darkness.

Question 63

Spite

Answer 63

a feeling of anger towards another person that makes someone want to annoy, upset, or hurt them, especially in a small way:
He’s the sort of man who would let down the tyres on your car just out of/from spite.

Question 64

Malice

Answer 64

the wish to harm or upset other people:
There certainly wasn’t any malice in her comments.

formal I bear him no malice (= do not want to harm or upset him).

Question 65

Creed

Answer 65

Credo

a set of beliefs that influences the way you live

Question 66

Perturb

Answer 66

to worry someone:

News of the arrest perturbed her greatly.

Question 67

Moot

Answer 67

Formal to suggest something for discussion:
The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
His name was mooted as a possible successor.

often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer:
It’s a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.
​
not important or not relevant, therefore not worth discussing:
We don’t have enough money to go, so it’s all moot anyway.

If a legal question is moot, it does not need to be dealt with, because something has happened that solves the issue:
The court’s decision became moot when the defendant was found dead.

imagined or invented as an example, and so without any legal importance:
a moot case
A moot court

Question 68

Tenterhooks

Answer 68

On tenterhooks

worried or nervous about something that is going to happen:
We were on tenterhooks all morning waiting for the phone to ring.

Question 69

Astronomical

Answer 69

informal also astronomic An astronomical amount is extremely large:
an astronomical rent/bill/price/fee

Question 70

Waive

Answer 70

formal
​
to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed:
The bank manager waived the charge (= said we didn’t have to pay), as we were old and valued customers.

If they waive (= remove) the time limit, many more applications will come in.

He persuaded the delegates to waive (= give up) their objections.

Question 71

Perpetrator

Answer 71

informal perp
​
someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act:
The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals.

Question 72

Perpetrate

Answer 72

Commit

to commit a crime or a violent or harmful act:
In this country, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol.
Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people.

Question 73

Atrocity

Answer 73

[ C usually plural ] an extremely cruel, violent, or shocking act:
They are on trial for committing atrocities against the civilian population.
​
[ U ] the fact of something being extremely cruel, violent, or shocking:
These people are guilty of acts of appalling atrocity (= cruelty).

Question 74

Echelon

Answer 74

a rank or position within an organization, company, or profession:

in the upper/top/higher echelons of sth

Politicians are often hired by private equity for the connections and skills gained while working in the upper echelons of government.

at the upper/top echelon

The job allows you a glimpse into day-to-day goings-on at the company’s top echelon.

Most believe it is this juggling act that keeps women in the lower echelons of the legal profession.

Question 75

Pertain

Answer 75

to relate to or have a connection with something:
regulations pertaining to high-tech industries
Seaweed’s properties, as they pertain to skin care, are still in dispute.

Question 76

Inflict

Answer 76

to force someone to experience something very unpleasant:
These new bullets are capable of inflicting massive injuries.
The suffering inflicted on these children was unimaginable.

Question 77

Subdue

Answer 77

to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing:
The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it.
He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression.

Question 78

Padre

Answer 78

a Christian priest, especially in the armed forces

Question 79

Elation

Answer 79

a state of extreme happiness or excitement:

There’s a sense of elation at having completed a race of such length.

Question 80

Chasm

Answer 80

a very deep, narrow opening in rock, ice, or the ground:
They leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm below.
​
formal a very large difference between two opinions or groups of people:
There is still a vast economic chasm between developed and developing countries.

Question 81

Trinket

Answer 81

a small decorative object, or a piece of jewellery that is cheap or of low quality:
She always returns from vacation with a few souvenirs, mostly just cheap trinkets.

Question 82

Bauble

Answer 82

a piece of bright but cheap jewellery

uk a ball-shaped Christmas decoration for hanging on a tree

Question 83

Decider

Answer 83

mainly uk a final game or competition that allows one person or team to win, or the winning point scored:
They lost what was regarded as the championship decider at Leeds.
Jones scored the decider in the final minute.

mainly us a person who makes the decisions in a particular situation:
The president is the decider in these matters.

Question 84

Sire

Answer 84

Father

to become the male parent of an animal or the father of a child:
The foal was sired by a cup-winning racehorse.
old use or humorous At the age of 70, he married a much younger woman and went on to sire two more children.

Question 85

Keepsake

Answer 85

something that helps you remember a person, place, or occasion:
Her aunt gave her a little wooden elephant as a keepsake.

Question 86

Lachrymose

Answer 86

literary
​
sad or likely to cry often and easily:
He is better known for his lachrymose ballads than hard rock numbers.

Question 87

Begrudge

Answer 87

to feel unhappy because someone has something that you think they do not deserve:
[ + two objects ] I don’t begrudge him his freedom.
​
to feel unhappy about spending money on something or spending time doing something:
They begrudged every day they had to stay with their father.
[ + -ing verb ] She begrudged paying so much for an ice cream cone.

Question 88

Rasher

Answer 88

a thin flat piece of bacon

Question 89

Potent

Answer 89

very powerful, forceful, or effective:
Surprise remains the terrorists’ most potent weapon.

The Berlin Wall was a potent symbol of the Cold War.

This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.

Question 90

Decry

Answer 90

Formal to criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary:
Lawyers decried the imprisonment of several journalists.

Question 91

Denounce

Answer 91

to criticize something or someone strongly and publicly:
The government’s economic policy has been denounced on all sides.
We must denounce injustice and oppression.

Question 92

Oppression

Answer 92

a situation in which people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom:
Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression.
War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes.
the oppression of women

a feeling of being very uncomfortable and worried:
Several people had experienced the same feeling of oppression when they slept in that room.

Question 93

By no matter of means

Answer 93

by no means
also not by any means
​
not at all:
It is by no means certain that we'll finish the project by June.

This isn’t the last we’ll hear of it by any means.

Question 94

Rue the day

Answer 94

to feel very sorry about an event:

She’ll rue the day (that) she bought that house.

Question 95

Undefeated

Answer 95

in sports, having won every game:

The team managed to remain undefeated in the final weeks of the season.

Question 96

Bunkum

Answer 96

Nonsense

What a load of bunkum!

Question 97

Crater

Answer 97

the round hole at the top of a volcano, or a hole in the ground similar to this:

the huge crater of Vesuvius
a bomb crater
With a good telescope, you can see craters on the moon.

Question 98

Amity

Answer 98

Friendship

formal
​
a good relationship:
The two groups had lived in perfect amity for many years before the recent troubles.

Question 99

Land mine

Answer 99

​

a bomb that is hidden in the ground and that explodes when a person steps on it or a vehicle drives over it

Question 100

Whet

Answer 100

to increase someone’s interest in and wish for something, usually by giving them a small experience of it:
I’ve read an excerpt of the book on the Web and it’s whetted my appetite.
That one kiss had whetted his appetite.

old use to sharpen the blade of a knife or similar tool:
He whetted his knife against the stone.

Question 101

Vanguard

Answer 101

The forefront

a group of people who lead the development of new ideas, or a leading position in the development of something:
He is in the vanguard of economic reform.

the most noticeable or important position:
She was one of the politicians at/in the forefront of the campaign to free the prisoners.
His team is at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines.

Question 102

Mercantile

Answer 102

formal
​
related to trade or business

Instead of mercantile competition with Europe and America, Chinese capitalists have been looking to the developing world for bigger opportunities.

a mercantile economy/society/tax

Question 103

Missive

Answer 103

an official, formal, or long letter:

She sent a ten-page missive to the committee, detailing her objections.

Question 104

castigate

Answer 104

Formal reprimand someone severely

He was castigated for not setting a good example.

Question 105

Habituate

Answer 105

Make or become accustomed to or used to something

Bears can habituate to people very easily.

Question 106

Impassible

Answer 106

Incapable of suffering or feeling pain

Believe in an impassible god

A road is like an impassible wall to arboreal animals.

Question 107

arboreal

Answer 107

Living in trees

Arboreal rodents

Question 108

Cleave

Answer 108

to separate or divide, or cause something to separate or divide, often violently:

With one blow of the knight’s axe, he clove the rock in twain (= into two pieces).

Question 109

Enclave

Answer 109

a part of a country that is surrounded by another country, or a group of people who are different from the people living in the surrounding area:
Campione d’Italia is an Italian enclave in Switzerland.

Yorkville was an enclave of German immigrants.

Question 110

Exclave

Answer 110

a part of a region or country that is not connected to the main part but is surrounded by another region or country:
Kaliningrad is a Russian exclave pinched between Poland and Lithuania.

Question 111

Bayonet

Answer 111

Rifle attachment

a long, sharp blade fixed on to a rifle (= gun)

Question 112

Forte

Answer 112

a strong ability, something that a person can do well:

Cooking was not exactly her forte.

Question 113

Alarm

Answer 113

C2 [ U ] sudden worry and fear, especially that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen:
I didn’t tell her that he was late because I didn’t want to cause her any alarm.
Villagers have reacted with alarm to news of a proposed new road.

Question 114

Rustle

Answer 114

mainly us to steal farm animals

Question 115

Chuck

Answer 115

informal to throw something carelessly:
Chuck it over there/into the corner.
[ + two objects ] Chuck me the keys.

Question 116

Defraud

Answer 116

to take something illegally from a person, company, etc., or to prevent someone from having something that is legally theirs by deceiving them:
He was found guilty of defrauding the Internal Revenue Service.

They are both charged with conspiracy to defraud an insurance company of $20,000.

Question 117

Folly

Answer 117

[ C or U ] formal the fact of being stupid, or a stupid action, idea, etc.:
She said that the idea was folly.

[ + to infinitive ] It would be folly for the country to become involved in the war.

Question 118

Lethal

Answer 118

able to cause or causing death; extremely dangerous:
Three minutes after the fire started, the house was full of lethal fumes.

In the car the police found guns, knives, and other lethal weapons (= weapons that can kill).

A 59-year-old man was executed by lethal injection (= by having a poisonous substance put into his body) this morning.

Question 119

Facet

Answer 119

Aspect

one part of a subject, situation, etc. that has many parts:
She has so many facets to her personality.

Question 120

Nippy

Answer 120

informal Nippy weather or air is quite cold:

It’s a little nippy today - you might need a coat.

uk informal able to change speed and direction easily:
a nippy little car

Question 121

Leaven

Answer 121

to add a substance to bread or another food made with flour to make it increase in size when it is cooked
​
formal to make something less boring:
Even a speech on a serious subject should be leavened with a little humour.

Question 122

Founder

Answer 122

(especially of a boat) to fill with water and sink:
The ferry foundered in a heavy storm, taking many of the passengers and crew with it.
​
to be unsuccessful:
Teaching computers to read and write has always foundered on the unpredictable human element in language.

Question 123

Ante

Answer 123

an amount of money that each person must risk in order to be part of a game that involves gambling:
a $30 ante

Question 124

Putrefy

Answer 124

to decay, producing a strong, unpleasant smell:
the smell of putrefying flesh
The body had putrefied beyond recognition.

Question 125

Doyen

Answer 125

Senior member

the oldest, most experienced, and often most respected person of all the people involved in a particular type of work

Question 126

Sheer

Answer 126

C1 [ before noun ] used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except:
The suggestion is sheer nonsense.
His success was due to sheer willpower/determination.
It was sheer coincidence that we met.

C2 extremely steep; almost vertical:
a sheer mountain side
a sheer drop of 100 metres

Question 127

Kismet

Answer 127

Destiny fate

A force that some people think controls what happens in the future, and is outside human control:
It must have been kismet. A few months after accepting the commission, she learned she would be having a baby.

Question 128

Dire

Answer 128

very serious or extreme:
These people are in dire need of help.
He gave a dire warning that an earthquake was imminent.
This decision will have dire consequences for local people.
​
mainly uk informal very bad:
I thought her latest book was dire!

Question 129

Imminent

Answer 129

C2 coming or likely to happen very soon:
imminent disaster/danger
A strike is imminent.

Question 130

Near

Answer 130

Approach

to get close to something in distance, time, or state:
I’m pleased to say the project is nearing completion.
As the wedding day neared, I started to have second thoughts about getting married.
The captain switched on the seat belt sign as we neared the airport.

Question 131

Blithe

Answer 131

/Blai th/

happy and without worry:
She shows a blithe disregard for danger.

Question 132

Fondle

Answer 132

Caress

to touch gently and in a loving way, or to touch in a sexual way:
She fondled the puppies.
He gently fondled the baby’s feet.
She accused him of fondling her (= touching her in a sexual way) in the back of a taxi.

Question 133

Truant

Answer 133

a child who is regularly absent from school without permission:
Police reports showed that the vast majority of crime committed by children was carried out by truants.

play truant uk us usually play hooky
​
to be regularly absent from school without permission:
Most parents are horrified when they discover their children have been playing truant from school.

Question 134

Score

Answer 134

formal 20 or approximately 20:
He lived to be three score years and ten (= until he was 70 years old).

by the score formal
​
in large numbers:
People are leaving the organization by the score.

scores [ plural ]
​
a lot of things or people:
Sean received cards from scores of local well-wishers.

Question 135

Oblige

Answer 135

/é blaidg/

formal also obligate to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something:
The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees.
The law does not obligate sellers to accept the highest offer.

Question 136

Gruff

Answer 136

(of a person’s voice) low and unfriendly, or (of a person’s behaviour) unfriendly or showing no patience:
“Yeah, so what?” came the gruff reply.
He’s quite a sweet man beneath the gruff exterior.

Question 137

Surly

Answer 137

often in a bad mood, unfriendly, and not polite:
We were served by a very surly waiter.
He gave me a surly look.

Question 138

Sate

Answer 138

formal or literary
​
to satisfy someone by giving them something that is wanted or needed:
He searched for a book that would sate his desire for all the details of Olympic history.

Question 139

Bellow

Answer 139

Roar
to shout in a loud voice, or (of a cow or large animal) to make a loud, deep sound:
[ + speech ] “Keep quiet!” the teacher bellowed across the room.
We could hear the sergeant bellowing orders to his troops.
The bull bellowed in pain.

Question 140

Akin

Answer 140

​cognate
having some of the same qualities:
They speak a language akin to French.

Question 141

Heinous

Answer 141

formal very bad and shocking:

a heinous crime

Question 142

Pressing

Answer 142

urgent or needing to be dealt with immediately:
a pressing need for housing
a pressing issue
The most pressing question is what do we do next?

Question 143

Bung

Answer 143

Informal usually us stopper a round piece of rubber, wood, etc. that is used to close the hole in a container

a payment made to someone to persuade them to do something, usually something dishonest:
Of course both the politicians denied taking bungs.

to put something somewhere in a careless way:
“Where shall I put my coat?” “Oh, bung it anywhere.”

Question 144

Attain

Answer 144

formal C1 to reach or succeed in getting something:
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

Question 145

Feral

Answer 145

Wild
existing in a wild state, especially describing an animal that was previously kept by people:
feral dogs/cats

Question 146

Contend

Answer 146

Vie, compete
to compete in order to win something:
There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title.
He’s contending against someone with twice his experience.

formal to say that something is true or is a fact:
The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime.

Question 147

Onset

Answer 147

the beginning of something:
We have to get the roof fixed before the onset of winter.

the onset of sth
​the moment at which something unpleasant begins:
the onset of winter
The new treatment can delay the onset of the disease by several years.

Question 148

Prowess

Answer 148

formal great ability or skill:
athletic/sporting prowess
He’s always boasting about his sexual prowess.

Question 149

Consort

Answer 149

to spend time in the company of particular people:
She warned him against consorting with suspicious characters.

a wife or husband, especially of a ruler

Question 150

Gyrate

Answer 150

/ˈdʒaɪ.reɪt/
​
to turn around and around on a fixed point, usually quickly
​
to dance, especially in a sexual way:
A line of male dancers gyrated to the music while the audience screamed their appreciation.

Question 151

Tirade

Answer 151

a long, angry speech expressing strong disapproval:
She launched into an angry/furious tirade about how she had been unfairly treated.
In a furious tirade of abuse, the opposition spokesperson demanded the minister’s resignation.

Question 152

Spurn

Answer 152

Reject

formal to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that thing or person is not worth having:
She spurned my offers of help.
Ellis plays the part of the young lover spurned by his mistress.

Question 153

Abate

Answer 153

to become less strong:
The storm/wind/rain has started to abate.
The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating.

Unabated
formal without becoming weaker in strength or force:
The fighting continued unabated throughout the night.

Question 154

Foursome

Answer 154

a group of four people meeting for a social activity, such as playing a game or having a meal:
Why don’t we invite Caroline and Mark and make up a foursome?

Question 155

Staff

Answer 155

[ C ] formal a long, strong stick held in the hand that is used as a support when walking, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority
​
[ C ] formal also flagstaff
a flagpole

Question 156

Blasphemy

Answer 156

something that you say or do that shows you do not respect God or a religion:
to be accused of blasphemy
figurative humorous Madonna fans think that any criticism of her is blasphemy.

Question 157

Heresy

Answer 157

/ˈher.ə.si/
​
[ C or U ] (the act of having) an opinion or belief that is the opposite of or against what is the official or popular opinion, or an action that shows that you have no respect for the official opinion:

Radical remarks like this amount to heresy for most members of the Republican party.

She committed the heresy of playing a Lady Gaga song on a classical music station.

Question 158

Append

Answer 158

Add

to add something to the end of a piece of writing:
The author appends a short footnote to the text explaining the point.

Question 159

Saunter

Answer 159

Amble stroll

to walk in a slow and relaxed way, often in no particular direction:
He sauntered by, looking very pleased with himself.

Question 160

Vestige

Answer 160

/ˈves.tɪdʒ/ formal
​
a small part or amount of something larger, stronger, or more important that still exists from something that existed in the past:

These old buildings are the last vestiges of a colonial past.

There is now no vestige of hope that the missing children will be found alive.

Question 161

Adept

Answer 161

Skillful

/əˈdept/
​
having a natural ability to do something that needs skill:
She’s very adept at dealing with the media.
Tamsin Palmer gave a technically adept performance on the piano.

Question 162

Trance

Answer 162

a temporary mental condition in which someone is not completely conscious of and/or not in control of himself or herself:

First she goes/falls into a deep trance, and then the spirit voices start to speak through her.

When a hypnotist puts you in(to) a trance, you no longer have conscious control of yourself.

He sat staring out of the window as if in a trance.

Question 163

Daunt

Answer 163

​discourage
to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something:
She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.

Daunting

making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something:
The country was faced with the daunting prospect of overcoming four decades of division.

Question 164

Indelible

Answer 164

/ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl/
​
An indelible mark or substance is impossible to remove by washing or in any other way:
indelible ink
The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt.
​
[ before noun ] Indelible memories or actions are impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect:
I have an indelible memory of that meeting with Anastasia.

In his 20 years working for the company, Joe Pearson made an indelible impression on it.

Question 165

Retrospect

Answer 165

/ˈret.rə.spekt/
in retrospect
​
thinking now about something in the past:
In retrospect, (= thinking about the past now) I think their marriage was doomed from the beginning.

I’m sure my university days seem happier in retrospect than they really were.

Retrospection
the act of thinking now about something in the past:
a time/mood of retrospection
Retrospection just isn’t in his nature.

Question 166

Overarching

Answer 166

formal most important, because of including or affecting all other areas:

a grand overarching strategy

The overarching theme of the election campaign was tax cuts.

Question 167

Exploitation

Answer 167

the use of something in order to get an advantage from it:

Britain’s exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War.

the act of using someone unfairly for your own advantage:
Marx wrote about the exploitation of the workers.

Question 168

Well off

Answer 168

rich:
Her family was very well off.
[ before noun ] Grants are available for less well-off families.

[ after verb ] having a lot of or a number of:
The city is well off for parks and gardens.

the well-off
​
rich people:
Finance firms are concentrating on the well-off.

Question 169

Marginalize

Answer 169

/ˈmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪz/
​
to treat someone or something as if they are not important:

Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country’s native language has been marginalized.

Marginalization
The marginalization of certain groups within the community may lead to social unrest.

Question 170

Unrest

Answer 170

disagreements or fighting between different groups of people:
It is feared that the civil unrest we are now witnessing in this country could lead to full-scale civil war.

Question 171

Welding

Answer 171

the activity of joining metal parts together

Welder ช่างเชื่อมเหล็ก

Question 172

Poignant

Answer 172

/ˈpɔɪ.njənt/
​
causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness:
The photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days.
It is especially poignant that he died on the day before the wedding.

The production took on added poignancy due to the director’s recent death.
The poem has a haunting poignancy.

Question 173

Disposition

Answer 173

[ C usually singular ] the particular type of character that a person naturally has:
She is of a nervous/cheerful/sunny disposition.
​
[ S + to infinitive ] formal a natural tendency to do something, or to have or develop something:
a disposition to deceive

Question 174

Avant-garde

Answer 174

Avant-garde ideas, styles, and methods are very original or modern in comparison to the period in which they happen:

avant-garde art/cinema/painting
It was one of the first avant-garde works to appeal to a wide audience.

the painters, writers, musicians, and other artists whose ideas, styles, and methods are very original or modern in comparison to the period in which they live, or the work of these artists:
New York is the international capital of the musical avant-garde.

Question 175

Inaugural

Answer 175

an inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job:
an inaugural address/lecture/speech

In her inaugural speech, she identified the recruitment of top faculty talent to the university as one of her chief goals.
​
an inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events:
He plans to be on the inaugural flight when the twinjet aircraft goes into service next month.

He held the inaugural meeting on Friday of a council to forge common ground between union and business leaders.

an inaugural celebration/ceremony/event

Question 176

Sentinel

Answer 176

literary a person employed to guard something:
A policeman stood sentinel at the entrance.

Synonym
sentry

Question 177

Nugget

Answer 177

something that a person has said or written that is very true or very wise:
a nugget of information/truth
humorous What other astonishing nuggets of wisdom do you have for us?

Question 178

Stranded

Answer 178

unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having any transport or money:
He left me stranded in town with no car and no money for a bus.
If the tide comes in, we’ll be stranded on these rocks.

Question 179

Lax

Answer 179

without much care, attention, or control:
The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the cases.
​
not severe or strong enough:
He took a gun through baggage control to highlight the lax security.

Laxity / laxness
Laxity in enforcing safety regulations can cost lives.

Question 180

Ingot

Answer 180

a piece of metal, usually in the shape of a narrow brick:
a gold/silver ingot

If you buy ingots, storage and insurance costs mean you effectively have a negative yield because gold produces no income.

Question 181

Modicum

Answer 181

formal a small amount of something good such as truth or honesty:
There’s not even a modicum of truth in her statement.
Anyone with a modicum of common sense could have seen that the plan wouldn’t work.

Question 182

Fine

Answer 182

mainly uk sunny and dry:

The forecast said it would be fine and dry today.

Question 183

Rebut

Answer 183

formal to argue that a statement or claim is not true:
She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice.

Refute
formal to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false:
to refute a person/theory/argument/claim

Question 184

Quarry

Answer 184

[ C ] a large artificial hole in the ground where stone, sand, etc. is dug for use as building material:
a granite/limestone/marble/slate quarry

Prey

[ S ] a person or animal being hunted or looked for:
The dogs pursued their quarry into an empty warehouse.

Question 185

Lapel

Answer 185

/ləˈpel/
​
a strip of cloth that is part of the front of a jacket or coat. It is joined to the collar and folded back onto the chest:
A flower was pinned to/in her lapel.

Question 186

Undue

Answer 186

formal C2 to a level that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable:

Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer.

Unduly
There’s no need to be unduly pessimistic about the situation.

Question 187

Tardy

Answer 187

formal slow or late in happening or arriving:
Dinner was somewhat delayed on account of David’s rather tardy arrival.​

Belated
coming later than expected:
a belated apology
They did make a belated attempt to reduce the noise.
Belated birthday greetings!

Question 188

Incision

Answer 188

an opening that is made in something with a sharp tool, especially in someone’s body during an operation:
The surgeon makes a small incision into which a tube is inserted.

Surgical cut

Question 189

Hackneyed

Answer 189

disapproving a hackneyed phrase or idea has been said or used so often that it has become boring and has no meaning:
The plot of the film is just a hackneyed boy-meets-girl scenario.

Question 190

Cliche

Answer 190

an idea or expression that has been used too often and is often considered a sign of bad writing or old-fashioned thinking:
The story is shamelessly corny, and grownups will groan at its clichés.

a saying or remark that is very often made and is therefore not original and not interesting:
My wedding day - and I know it’s a cliché - was just the happiest day of my life.

Question 191

Afflict

Answer 191

If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it:
It is an illness that afflicts women more than men.
a country afflicted by civil war

Question 192

Scupper

Answer 192

Scuttle

to sink your own ship on purpose

to cause something such as a plan or an opportunity to fail:
Arriving late for the interview scuppered my chances of getting the job.

Question 193

Inconsistent

Answer 193

(of an argument or opinion) containing elements that are opposed and do not match, so that it is difficult to imagine how both can be true:
These findings are inconsistent with those of previous studies

disapproving changing in character; not staying the same:
The team’s play is inconsistent – winning one day and losing the next.

Question 194

Erratic

Answer 194

changing suddenly and unexpectedly:
an erratic schedule

moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected:
He drove in an erratic course down the road.
She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she’ll hardly speak to you.

Question 195

Overtake

Answer 195

to go past something by being a greater amount or degree:
Our US sales have now overtaken our sales in Europe.
We’d planned to hold a meeting tomorrow, but events have overtaken us (= things have changed).
​
uk us pass to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of them:
Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car).

to happen to a person or a place suddenly and unexpectedly:
The family was overtaken by tragedy several years ago, and they still haven’t recovered.

Question 196

Hosiery

Answer 196

hose
formal a word used especially in shops for things such as socks, tights, and stockings:
Hosiery is on the second floor, Madam.

Question 197

Insolent

Answer 197

intentionally and rudely showing no respect:

Students were often inattentive, sometimes even insolent, and showed relatively little interest in their work.

Question 198

Impertinent

Answer 198

rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone older or in a higher position than you:

I hope he didn’t think I was being impertinent when I asked him about his private life.
an impertinent remark/question

Question 199

Liken

Answer 199

Compare

to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else:
She’s been likened to a young Elizabeth Taylor.

Question 200

Slingbacks

Answer 200

women’s shoes with a strap around the back of the heel instead of a full covering:
a pair of slingbacks

slingback sandals/shoes
My sister and I got fabulous party dresses and slingback heels.

Question 201

Ricochet

Answer 201

Rebound bounce

(of a ball, bullet, or other small object) to bounce off a surface:
The ball ricocheted off the goalie’s foot and into the net.

He was hit by a ricochet from a stray bullet.
Their second goal was a ricochet.

Question 202

Belie

Answer 202

Contradict
to represent something falsely or to hide something:
His gruff manner belied a gentle personality.

Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

Question 203

Reverent

Answer 203

Respectful

showing great respect and admiration:
A reverent silence fell over the crowd.

Irreverent

lacking the expected respect for official, important, or holy things:
The television program takes an irreverent look at the medical profession.
an irreverent comment/approach/attitude
irreverent thoughts

Question 204

Callow

Answer 204

literary disapproving
​
Someone, especially a young person, who is callow behaves in a way that shows they have little experience, confidence, or judgment:
Mark was just a callow youth of 16 when he arrived in Paris.

Question 205

Sparse

Answer 205

​small in numbers or amount, often spread over a large area:
a sparse population/audience
sparse vegetation/woodland
a sparse beard
Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.

Question 206

Pot luck

Answer 206

anything that is available or is found by chance, rather than something chosen, planned, or prepared:
We had no idea which hotel would be best, so we just took pot luck with the first one on the list.
Mary’s welcome to stay for dinner if she doesn’t mind taking pot luck (= having whatever is available).
​
[ C ] mainly us also potluck an informal meal where guests bring a different dish that is then shared with the other guests:
a pot luck dinner
We’re having a pot luck on Saturday.

Question 207

Pigsty

Answer 207

pigpen
​
an enclosed area where pigs are kept
​
a dirty or messy place:
Your bedroom's a pigsty!

Question 208

Erroneous

Answer 208

formal wrong or false:

an erroneous belief/impression