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Written Comps Year 1 > Review 3 > Flashcards

Review 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How would you describe American Sign Language?

A

natural evolving language and natural communication system - developed in a community, has its own grammar, phonology, morphology & syntax and semantics and pragmatics - by people trying to communicate over time

there are regional dialects/variations

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2
Q

rules for lang & combining words

A

grammar

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3
Q

sound system/rules of pronunciation

A

phonology

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4
Q

structure of words

A

morphology

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5
Q

rules governing sentences

A

syntax

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6
Q

meaning

A

semantics

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7
Q

social contex

A

pragmatics

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8
Q

Is Signed Exact English (SEE I or II) a natural or artificial sign system and what is it?

A

artificial sign because it took english and placed hand signs into a different order and syntax

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9
Q

what system did ASL originally develop fro

A

french

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10
Q

what is structure of ASL

A

object subject verb or subject verb object
ball boy threw (the boy threw the ball

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11
Q

Visual communication system combines handshapes with mouth movements-aids lipreading

A

cued speech

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12
Q

Use of ASL and written/spoken English with ASL primary and encourages Deaf identity and culture’

A

bilingual bicultural approch

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13
Q

integrates speech, sign, fingerspelling, lipreading and more to facilitate communication

A

total communication

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14
Q

Focus on oral communication through auditory training, speechreading and speech production (often with use of HA’s and CI)

A

Auditory-Oral/Verbal Method

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15
Q

Complete natural visual language with handshapes, facial expressions, grammar, syntax

A

asl

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16
Q

why is cued speech helpful

A

just looking at the face cannot tell if it is one sound vs another sound; many sounds look the same on the lips and cannot tell what articulators were doing and if it is voiced/unvoiced so cued gives this

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17
Q

what communities use tactile sign languae

A

deafblind communities

Ushers disorder

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18
Q

What is codeswitching?

A

changing bw lang, modalities, dialects depending on the convo partners

changing language based on the listener or environment

bilingual of spoken and switch from english to spanish

someone who uses asl and spoken english as well

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19
Q

What do you know about communicating with Deaf individuals and use of interpreters?

A

speak to the PT and not the interpreter, do not change how you are speaking, dont over exaggerate or slow down the speed)

normal communication face to face with pt

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20
Q

Preferred terms Deaf, deaf or hard of hearing (not hearing impaired)

A

true

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21
Q

Medical model vs social –cultural model

A

social culture
deafness is viewed as something that doesn’t need to be fixed by the deaf community

medical
something that needs fixed, medical disability

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22
Q

why is preferred language not hearing impaired or hearing loss?

A

implies a disability that needs fixed

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23
Q

what are the differences in asl or the parameters

A

Hand shape, orientation, location, movement, non-verbal/non-manual markers

WH questions—Eyebrows furrow (yes/no questions eyebrows raised)

Others
Expressions
Body movements

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24
Q

how to show past/present/future in asl

A

towards back (past), close to body (present), going forward (future)

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25
Within man’s body there is a capacity for health. If this capacity is recognized and normalized, disease can be both prevented and treated.”
at still mind body spirit whole person healthcare concept
26
4 tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
treat cause rather than symptoms human body is dynamic unit of fxn of mind body spirit body possess self-regulatory mechanisms which are self healing in nature structure and fxn are interrelated at all levels rational treatment is based on these principles rational treatment is based on the understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and interrelationship bw structure and function - not just treating the symptoms
27
what is a scenario in audiology where it represents 1 of the 4 tenets of OM
otitis media can self mediate - watch and wait - body will take care of it most of the time MER - self regulating mechanism; if they do not have this working it can lead to annoyance of loud sounds if ET is patulous, structure changes so does the physiology: breathing and chewing is loud tinnitus: structural abnormality in vascular system (pulsatile)
28
OMM approach
Therapeutic approach about realigning structure to make it function better
29
role of OT vs PT vs medical vs Aud
PT focuses on improving the patient's ability to move their body whereas an OT focuses on improving the patient's ability to perform activities of daily living. physician who practices osteopathic medicine, a philosophy and practice of patient care that focuses on the whole person
30
application of hands on forces by osteopathic physician to improve physiologic fxn improve motion and support homeostasis
OMM or OMT
31
What is the purpose of professional liability insurance?
to protect you if you get sued we have this through the university
32
What is Tort Law
civil law about causing damage to a person or property civil wrong against a person or property may result in action for damages
33
tort law handles cases to
find wrongdoing and deter it and compensate for it ex: wrong med or dx or tx
34
how to avoid going to court for breach of tort (causing someone damage)
manage risk with best practices, knowledge, standards, communicate, document malpractice insurance
35
document given to patients to confirm they are ok with proceeding with procedures
informed consent - can be written or verbal
36
if someone claims malpractice they have to prove these things elements that must be present for a plaintiff to recover damages:
Duty Breach Damages Causation
37
why do all 4 have to be met for a malpractice? give an example
use dirty cerumen instrument on a PT if they didn’t get infection etc on it, it is hard to prove because no harm was made from the negligence
38
legal obligation to care
duty to care
39
When do you provide a patient with a notice of privacy practices?
first visit, annually after to remind them explains your policies and their rights
40
Do you need a state license in audiology to practice?
YES ALWAYS
41
What is the purpose of an informed consent document and when would you use it?
making sure they are ok with being a subject with the things you are doing some do it up front for everything or individually depending on the task
42
failing to comply with standard of care required
breach of duty
43
without harm or injury there is no liability
injury
44
reasonable, close and causal connection bw the defendant's negligent conduct and the resulting damages
causation
45
What are some state licensure requirements?
degree in audiology: doctoral clinical practice experience most states: background check or havent lost licenses or have had sues pay the fees
46
Discuss other members of a healthcare team:
47
conflict of interest
something that has an award to it; quid pro quo selling an overpriced hearing aid that PT doesn’t need or can pay for so we benefit for it manufacturers give perks: if you sell x amount we will give you a trip to x
48
Purpose of codes of Ethics.
set standards and actions that are acceptable within our profession
49
who do we want to mandate what is best for audiology?
audiologist and if we do not self regulate ourselves someone else will
50
as profession, we need to be gatekeepers and self regulate other peers and professionals
true
51
Where are guidelines for audiology?
do not do something to pt they do not need, make sure everyone has access, do not have COI ASHA Rule 1 H Individuals shall not guarantee the results of any treatment or procedure, directly or by implication,; however, they may make a reasonable statement of prognosis. AAA Rule 7a Individuals shall not use professional or commercial affiliations in any way that would mislead or limit services to persons served professionally
52
what are voicing cues
low freq; from vocal fold vibrations, gives the fundamental frequency F0 of voice
53
what are manner cues
mid freq (fricative, plosive, stop,...)
54
Place cues
high freq (some are visible for speech reading)
55
what are suprasegmentals
prosidy of speech how do things fit together am I speaking with stress? what is there emotion beyond indiv sounds of speech how it goes together that gives cues about what is being said above and beyond the segments
56
where do voicing cues come from
vf vibration
57
manner
mid freq (fricative, plosive, stop,
58
place
high freq (some are visible for speech reading)
59
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Redundancy
come from internally come from environment and speech signal itself, cues we are getting
60
The speech signal, syntax
extrinsic redundancy
61
Binaural listening and CANS pathways & memory of words
intrinsic redundancy
62
Average conversational speech level
50 dB HL
63
Average conversational speech level in SPL
70
64
What is the RETSPL for supra-aural headphones vs inserts
20 dB change - supras 13 - inserts
65
right vs left tympanic membrane
right: cone of light in right bottom corner & malleus is pointed to bottom left corner left: cone of light in left bottom corner & umbo is pointed to bottom right corner
66
soft mod and loud sounds in HL
soft: 40 mod: 50 loud: 70
67
what is meiosis
four phases -results in 4 non-identical haploid daughter cells (chromosome recombination from paternal and maternal) -gametes also called germ cells (egg and sperm) Haploid = “half” or just 23 chromosomes
68
what is mitosis
four phases -results in 2 identical daughter cells -DNA replicated and equally spilt into diploid cells Diploid = double number of chromosomes (23 pairs so 46 chromosomes, with 44 somatic and XX or XY)
69
what creates the gametes (germ cells - egg and sperm)
meosis
70
where is mitosis seen
all other cells aside from gametes
71
do all four of haploid cells become functional cells
no, usually only one egg survives
72
cochlear hair cells stay in _____ phase
GO
73
what is gastrulation
formation of germ layers
74
what are the germ layers
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
75
what forms from ectoderm
CNS, PNS, sensory-ear, eye; skin epidermis, bones of face and teeth
76
what comes from mesoderm
organs-kidneys, spleen, walls of heart, muscle, cartilage, bone
77
what comes from endoderm
GI system, lining of respiratory, ET)
78
gastrulation stage
pre embronic fertilization to about 2 wks
79
embryonic stage
Carnegie stages 1-23; about 3rd to 8th week; big head
80
fetal period
3rd month (about 9 weeks) to birth; maturation of organs and rapid body growth; looks human
81
What are branchial arches and which ones play a role in auditory system development?
1 & 2, THEY ARE in area of pharyngeal area and they will develop face and head structures including muscles, bones muscles and nerves ofhead and neck
82
Neural tube from ectoderm =
brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia
83
if neural tube doesn’t zip up from caudal and rostral side we can have open neural tube and causes
spina bifida
84
what is arnold chiari
bs and the cerebellum herniate through the foramen magnum and associated with spina bifida
85
what comes from branchial arch 1
incus & malleus tensor tympani CN V
86
what comes from branchial 2
stapes stapedius muscle VII
87
first sign of nervous system forming is a thickening of groove in ectoderm that becomes
the neural tube
88
Neural Crest Cells =
more PNS
89
which germ layer is on outside of ™?
ectoderm
90
which is in middle making is sp8iral
mesoderm
91
which layer is on middle ear side on moist aerated space
endoderm
92
EAC formed from deepening cleft between 1st and 2nd arch; meatal plug and TM Pinna from 6 hillocks on either side of 1st cleft (1st and 2nd arches)
true
93
tubotympanic tubo becomes tympanic becomes
tubo becomes ET tympanic becomes tympanic cavity/ME
94
Some first & second arch syndromes that affect the auditory system resulting in a hearing loss and other auditory abnormalities include
Treacher Collins syndrome Pierre Robins syndrome/sequence Stickler syndrome Craniofacial anomalies CHL (could be mixed)
95
describe inner ear development
Otic placode, future inner ear from ectoderm -invaginates to form otic pit and then otic vesicle (otocyst) -elongates and ventral portion becomes saccule and elongates to cochlear duct -and dorsal portion becomes utricle, SCC and endolymphatic duct
96
genotype
genetic material and gene mutation
97
phenotype
symptoms, physical and outward presentation
98
prosidy of speech beyond indiv sounds of speech how it goes together that gives cues
suprasegmentals

Written Comps Year 1 (12 decks)

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