Acquisition & Acquired (5200) Flashcards by Sabrina Garza

A language difference is categorized as a language disorder.

false

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All of these sounds should be present/mastered by age 3 according to Sanders (1972) (select all that apply):
/r/
/l/
/p/
/b/
All of these

p b

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A child is referred to your office for a hearing screening by the pediatrician for a cloudy eardrum. The child is 2 years old and only speaks 5 words as reported by his mother. She stated her pregnancy was unremarkable, but her son was born at 37 weeks and was 5lbs (low birthweight). He passed the follow-up hearing screening at birth and is meeting all his other milestones. No reported ear infections, head trauma or hospital stays. The child’s hearing is normal, bilaterally.

Do you have concerns about this child’s speech and language development? Why or why not? How would you counsel the mother? Would you make any referrals? If so, to which professional(s)?

Do you have concerns about this child’s speech and language development? Why or why not? Yes, low birth weight and could be a late talker
How would you counsel the mother? Up to 80% of late-talkers resolve without intervention/spontaneously. Narrate your day, get a SLP eval Would you make any referrals? If so, to who? Pediatrician, AZEIP, SLP

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What are possible causes/comorbid conditions for a specific language impairment (SLI) (select all that apply):
Autism
There is no known cause/comorbid conditions for a SLI
Intellectual disability
Shaken baby syndrome
Brain injury

Autism
Intellectual disability
Brain injury

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What is early intervention and who provides it (people and/or agencies)?

enrollment in therapy services as early as possible, funded by the state (headstart/AZEIP or privately), SLP, audiologist, parents (birth to 3)

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Limited awareness of the irregular speech pattern; presents with excessive whole word repetitions, unfinished words and interjections (well, um)

cluttering

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Presents with (secondary) avoidance and struggle behaviors

stuttering

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Speech delivery rate which is either abnormally fast (“machine-gun speech”), irregular, or both

cluttering

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Heightened awareness of communication difficulties; the forward flow of speech is interrupted abnormally by repetitions or prolongations of a sound

stuttering

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The longer the stuttering continues, the less likely it is to be resolved and the more likely it is to increase in severity.

true

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What hearing threshold level is considered normal for children? Why (what listening situations do they struggle with)?

15dB HL speech in noise, reverberation and talker variability

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According to the week 2 NPR study, babies cry in an intonation pattern similar to the language of their primary caregiver.

true

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content

semantics

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use

pragmatics

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form

syntax

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grammar

syntax

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social cues/code-switching

pragmatics

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meaning of words

semantics

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Why is the wait-and-see approach worrisome for some children with a speech and language delay? How can the trajectory of speech and language acquisition give insight to the need for early intervention?

Not all children will spontaneously recover from a S/L delay or disfluency. Early intervention can aid those who might not catch-up/spontaneously recover; children tend to stay on the S/L trajectory and therefore delaying intervention will put/keep them further behind

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Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk.

phonological processes

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Name two motor speech disorders

dysarthria & apraxia

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Caused by a stroke or other CVA
Fluent/fluid language disorder where the patient does not comprehend questions
Damage to the temporal lobe

wernicke’s aphasia

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Caused by a stroke or other CVA Damage to the frontal lobe
Non-fluent expressive disorder where the patient knows what they want to say but can’t or requires tremendous effort to do so

brocas aphasia

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Labial, dental, palatal, velar, glottal

place

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Vocal fold vibration

voicing

Stop, fricative, affricate, nasal, glide

Manner of articulation

At what severity are most people referred for dementia?

moderate

Historically, what has been the typical reading level of a deaf child using hearing aids in a mainstream classroom or that attends a Deaf school?

4th gradae

Birth to 6mo, normal hearing and children with profound losses verbalize very differently.

false

What are some features or concerns of a child with a unilateral hearing loss (UHL)? select all that apply: Hears well in quiet Difficulty localizing sounds Difficulty hearing in background noise More attentive in class All of the above apply to UHL

Hears well in quiet Difficulty localizing sounds Difficulty hearing in background noise

5 variables that will affect speech and language development in children with hearing loss

Age of HL onset Age of identification Type/degree/configuration of loss Early intervention Auditory experience (input=output) Expressive language skills Use of sensory aids Cognition Mode of communication Comorbid conditions

Why is the auditory feedback loop so important (in terms of receptive and expressive speech)?

Receptive: Hear sounds to decode speech. Hear to repeat sounds. Hearing is also used to decode meaning in voice inflections, rhythm of connected speech and stress patterns. (2 pts) Expressive: Words are not just words, they don’t always mean the same thing depending on the intonation. For mature speakers, audition acts as an error detector and a means of monitoring speaking conditions

What is prelingual vs. post-lingual hearing loss? How does it affect speech and language development?

prelingual hearing loss before S/L acquisition post-lingual hearing loss occurs after S/L acquisition Much more difficult to acquire S/L with prelingual hearing loss, post-lingual speech may degrade depending on the severity and course of treatment

Approximately what grade-level do children go from "learning to read", to "reading to learn"?

3rd grade

errors of teeth, tongue, cheek placement/inability to correctly form the sounds of words

articulation disorder

child struggles to understand the sound system and the rules surrounding speech

phonological disorder

stuttering/cluttering

fluency disorder

polyps/nodules of the vocal folds

voice/resonance disorders

planning (apraxia & dysarthria)

motor speech disorders

When is the critical period for language development?

birth to 3

Children need speech to communicate, language is optional.

false

Which of the following are components of an aural (re)habilitation plan for children? Familial support Communication strategies Amplification & ALDs Environmental Modifications All of these

all

Which characteristic(s) apply to the Auditory-Oral approach (select all that apply)? Speechreading Gestures Visual cues Use of residual hearing All of these

all

Which characteristic(s) apply to the Auditory-Verbal approach (select all that apply)? Speechreading Gestures Visual cues Use of residual hearing All of these

use of residual hearing

educational approach for Deaf children where the child uses american sign lanaguage as their first lanuage and English as their second language to enhance their literacy. These individuals can take part in the hearing and Deaf world.

bibi

How many handshapes represent consonant sounds for Cued Speech?

When referring to a person in the Deaf community, it is appropriate to label them as

Deaf HH

Infants and young children with hearing loss do NOT need to be taught to listen; it is innate.

false

Which of the following are indicator(s) that hearing loss is compromising a student’s ability to perform in school? (select all that apply) Converses with peers Fatigued Literacy is on par with normal hearing peers Has poor attention Frequently asks for repetition

fatigued Has poor attention Frequently asks for repetition

"Listening Age” is the age at which the child is diagnosed with hearing loss.

false

The [blank] mode of communication typically results in higher academic performance in most areas and therefore access to more job opportunities with better pay.

auditory oral/verbal

School-aged children with disabilities have available to them a free and appropriate public education under the federal law passed in 1970 called [blank].

IDEA

The prevalence of hearing loss in school-aged children is between:

10-15%, this includes permanent hearing losses (identified at birth approx. 5%) and intermittent hearing losses like OM

Academically, a child with hearing loss should be making ______ year's progress in _______ year's time.

one one

The ability to respond to the presence or absence of sounds

awareness

The ability to perceive similarities and differences between two or more speech stimuli

discrimination

The ability to label by repeating, pointing to, or writing the speech stimulus heard

identification

The ability to understand the meaning of speech by answering questions, following an instruction, paraphrasing, or participating in a conversation

comprehension

The first year of a child's life is critical for auditory input and subsequent speech, language and literacy development. According to EHDI, what should be completed at month(s) 1, 3, and 6 for a child suspected of hearing loss? Please write a short sentence to explain what should be completed at each marker. Bonus: According to JCIH 2019, what are the new benchmarks that we should strive to achieve?

1 month—child’s hearing should be screened, 3 months—child’s hearing should be diagnosed, 6 months---child should be enrolled in early intervention/hearing aids fit New benchmarks JCIH is striving for: 1: screening 2: diagnosiding/identify 3: early intervention

All of the following are risk factors for ANSD EXCEPT: NICU stay Hypoxia Low levels of bilirubin Sensory-motor disorders All of these are risk factors for ANSD

low levels of bilirubi

partial or total loss of hearing that is not associated with other signs and symptoms.

non syndromic hl

Approximately, _________% of hearing-impaired children are born to two hearing parents:

A 2 y/o child with normal external anatomy with a mild to moderate SNHL both ears should be recommended:

bte with ermolds both ears

The site of lesion for ANSD is suspected to be (select all that apply): Outer hair cells Inner hair cells Spiral ganglia Auditory Cortex CN VIII

ihc spiral ganglia cn viii

bilateral moderate to severe SNHL, associated with vision loss

ushers

severe to profound SNHL, Long QT syndrome

jlns

different colored eye and white hair patches, unilateral, bilateral or progressive ranging from mild to profound congenital SNHl

waardenburg

causes the sclera of the eyes to turn blue tint, mild to profound SNHL

osteogenesis imperfecta

5 variables that affect speech and language acquisition in hearing-impaired children:

age of diagnosis age of amplification degree and type of hearing loss use of appropriate communication mode/auditory experience in infancy and early childhood intervention program

Talking on the phone is an example of: Awareness Discrimination Identification Comprehension All of these

comprehension

Setting multiple animals in front of a child, saying “moo” and having the child point to the cow is an example of: Awareness Discrimination Identification Comprehension None of these

identification

“Ba-ba” vs. “Da-da” is an example of: Awareness Discrimination Identification Comprehension None of these

discrimination

The users of this communication mode typically have the HIGHEST reading levels: Cued speech Bi-Bi Total Communication ASL Auditory oral/verbal

auditory oral/verbal

The users of this communication mode typically have the LOWEST reading levels: Cued speech Bi-Bi Total Communication ASL Auditory oral/verbal

asl

Assessment of hierarchal auditory skills in children with hearing loss from sound awareness to linguistic processing. Uses multiple conditions (quiet, noise, with and without visual cues, etc.) and complex scoring.

Functional Auditory Performance Indicators (FAPI)

Assessment used for normal hearing children and children with hearing loss to assess a listening or behavioral concern. Children that fall in the area of concern need to be evaluated for hearing loss if not already diagnosed.

Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children and Ease of Listening (P.E.A.C.H.+)

Assessment of a child’s auditory capabilities over time, starting with a baseline and administered every 3 months using a 35-item questionnaire. The questions are asked every time even if the skill was present on a previous interview.

Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC)

An interview-based outcome measure of 10 questions with multiple probes to get the parent thinking about the number of times their child spontaneously responded to sounds (or their vocalization behavior) over the past week.

Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS)

Assesses peripheral auditory function up to the outer hair cells of the cochlea

oaes

Assesses the auditory system to include CN VIII and the lower brainstem

aabr

Requires the use of electrodes

AABR

Is the more cost effective screening tool

oae

Performed by technicians in the hospital

both oae and abr

Objective assessment of the infant auditory system

both oae and aabr

Rules out more pathologies of the auditory system including ANSD

aabr

Recordings are more susceptible to middle ear dysfunction

oaes

Cued speech is a good option for a child with motor difficulties.

false

Aphasia is what type of disorder

neurological

Meaning

Segmatics

Pragmatics

Context, Organization

Syntax

arrangement of words