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Written Comps Year 1 > Auditory science main > Flashcards

Auditory science main Flashcards

1
Q

four things, in isolation or in combination, that generally happen when a sound wave encounters obstacles or barriers?

A
  1. Absorption: sound is diminished due to a barrier.
  2. Reflection: when sound bounces off of a barrier.
  3. Transmission: when sound goes from one medium to another.
  4. Distortion: sound changes based on the obstacles.
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2
Q

sound is diminished due to a barrier.

A

Absorption:

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3
Q

when sound bounces off of a barrier

A

Reflection:

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4
Q

when sound goes from one medium to another

A

Transmission:

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5
Q

sound changes based on the obstacles.

A

Distortion:

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6
Q

SNR calculation

A

Signal- noise =SNR

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7
Q

Diotic

A

Same signal to both ear

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7
Q

Monotic

A

One ear listing with one ear

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8
Q

Dichotic

A

Same signal to both ear

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9
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides/two side

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10
Q

Binaural

A

2 ear listening

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11
Q

first audiologist

A

CC Bunch

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12
Q

what is considered the. critical period for language?

A

Birth to 3 is the critical learning period

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13
Q

Example of fluancy disorder

A

stutter & cluttering

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14
Q

5 variables that will affect speech and language development in children with hearing loss

A

Age of HL onset

Age of identification

Type/degree/configuration of loss

Early intervention

Auditory experience (input=output)

Expressive language skills

Use of sensory aids

Cognition

Mode of communication

Comorbid conditions

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15
Q

All of these sounds should be present/mastered by age 3 according to Sanders (1972) (select all that apply):
/r/
/l/
/p/
/b/
All of these

A

p b

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16
Q

semantics

A

Meaning, content

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17
Q

What hearing threshold level is considered normal for children? Why (what listening situations do they struggle with)?

A

15db. peech in noise, reverberation and talker variability

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18
Q

pragmatics

A

Use

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19
Q

syntax

A

form, grammar

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20
Q

Name two motor speech disorders

A

dysarthria & apraxia

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21
Q

Caused by a stroke or other CVA
Fluent/fluid language disorder where the patient does not comprehend questions
Damage to the temporal lobe

A

wernicke’s aphasia

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22
Q

Caused by a stroke or other CVA Damage to the frontal lobe
Non-fluent expressive disorder where the patient knows what they want to say but can’t or requires tremendous effort to do so

A

brocas aphasia

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23
Q

Labial, dental, palatal, velar, glottal

A

Place

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24
Q

Vocal fold vibration

A

Voicing

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25
Q

Stop, fricative, affricate, nasal, glide

A

MAnner of articulation

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26
Q

Historically, what has been the typical reading level of a deaf child using hearing aids in a mainstream classroom or that attends a Deaf school?

A

4th grade

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27
Q

What are some features or concerns of a child with a unilateral hearing loss (UHL)? select all that apply:
Hears well in quiet
Difficulty localizing sounds
Difficulty hearing in background noise
More attentive in class
All of the above apply to UHL

A

Hears well in quiet
Difficulty localizing sounds
Difficulty hearing in background noise

28
Q

Approximately what grade-level do children go from “learning to read”, to “reading to learn”?

A

3rd grade

29
Q

errors of teeth, tongue, cheek placement/inability to correctly form the sounds of words

A

Articualtion disorders

30
Q

child struggles to understand the sound system and the rules surrounding speech

A

Phonological disorder

31
Q

stuttering/cluttering

A

fluency disorder

32
Q

polyps/nodules of the vocal folds

A

voice/resonance disorders

33
Q

planning (apraxia & dysarthria)

A

motor speech disorders

34
Q

Dynamic assessment

A

Test, teach and retest
Assess them doing task,
then teach them how to do the task, reassessed them doing the task after being taught

35
Q

Narrative sampling

A

have patient reading from passage, telling a story allows them more natural speech.

36
Q

Why is dynamic assessment and narrative, sampling helpful?

A

Helpful in acquiring more realistic and accurate representation of if disorder or difference (language)

37
Q

Frontal lobe damage

A

Broca aphasia

38
Q

Temporal lobe neurological diosorder

A

Wernicke’s apahsia

39
Q

Increase stinfess

A

Rate of vibration will increase
Increases HF
Decreases LF

40
Q

INcrease mass

A

Rate of vibration will decrease
Increases LF
Decreases HF

41
Q

Basic Quantities:

A

are independent; time, length (distance), mass (quantity of matter)

42
Q

Derived Quantities

A

is the result of various combinations of base or other derived.
Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure, momentum, work, power, or intensity.

43
Q

Scalar

A

all things that do not include direction and can be produced with simple math

44
Q

Vector

A

quantities include direction and can be produced using more complex math (Vector Analysis)

45
Q

Periodic:

A

Tonal
Comprised of harmonics
Single pure tone

46
Q

Aperodic

A

Comprised of frequencies that have no particular mathematical relationship to each other

Noise

47
Q

Pressure

A

Force per unit area; measured at a particular location away from the source

48
Q

Power

A

Work per unit time; property of the sound source

49
Q

Intensity

A

Power per unit area; describes the flow of the sound

50
Q

What are harmonics?

A

Harmonics are each of the individual frequencies present in a harmonic complex.

51
Q

what are the five things that you need to decide on ahead of time when measuring a threshold of some kind?

A
  1. Method that is going to be used
  2. Starting point
  3. Step size
  4. Stopping point
  5. How threshold will be defined and calculated
52
Q

Test assesses the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli that vary in sound pressure.

A

Differential sensitivity

53
Q

Test assesses the least amount of sound pressure level at which a subject responds 50% of the time.

A

Absolute sensitivity

54
Q

two characteristics that must be present for something to vibrate?

A

Mass: a quantity of matter is present
Elasticity: the property that enables recovery from distortion to either shape or volume (some argue that elasticity is more accurately defines as the ability to resist changes in shape of volume)

55
Q

four scenarios where sound encounters a barrier or an opening within a barrier

A

Barrier is small relative to the wavelength
Sound will scatter around the barrier and fill in behind it
Barrier is large relative to the wavelength
There will be an acoustic shadow on the other side of the barrier
Opening is small relative to the wavelength
The sound will pass through the opening and scatter as if a new sound was produced
Opening is large relative to the wavelength
The sound will pass through the opening with not change

56
Q

Barrier is small relative to the wavelength

A

Sound will scatter around the barrier and fill in behind it

57
Q

Barrier is large relative to the wavelength

A

There will be an acoustic shadow on the other side of the barrier

58
Q

Opening is small relative to the wavelength

A

The sound will pass through the opening and scatter as if a new sound was produced

59
Q

Opening is large relative to the wavelength

A

The sound will pass through the opening with not change

60
Q

Place model

A

Pitch is perceived based on maximum excitation along the basilar membrane.
Based on spectral representation of the stimulus (information contained in the spectrum).

61
Q

Temporal Model

A

Based on the waveform of the stimulus.
Bundles of auditory nerve fibers fire at the compression phase of a signal, giving the brain a cue for the period of the signal.

62
Q

Upward spread of masking

A

Upward spread of masking is where low frequencies mask higher frequencies better than high frequencies masking low.

63
Q

Admittance

A

Admittance
Describes the ear with which energy flows

64
Q

Impedance

A

Impedance
Describes the opposition to energy flow

65
Q

Immittance

A

Immittance
General term describing the flow of energy

66
Q

what kind of filtering was applied to generate these noise

A
67
Q
A

Written Comps Year 1 (12 decks)

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