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principles of biomedical science > Review 2.2 > Flashcards

Review 2.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any cell in the body that is not a sex cell is called a…

A

Somatic cell

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2
Q

The type of cell division used to replace injured cells is…

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The process to make gametes

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4
Q

How many chromosomes are in each of the human body’s somatic cells?

A

46 chromosomes

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5
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human body’s gametes?

A

23 chromosomes

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6
Q

Within a cell, DNA is housed in the…

A

Nucleus

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7
Q

When a protein needs to be made, a signal is sent to a cell to turn on the what?

A

Codon

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8
Q

What does codon do?

A

codes for the needed protein

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9
Q

When is the start of transcription?

A

when the codon codes the needed protein.

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10
Q

Transcription occurs inside the…

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

During transcription, DNA is read by an enzyme called…

A

RNA polymerase

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12
Q

What is a RNA polymerase?

A

enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence during the process of transcription.

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13
Q

The RNA polymerase during the transcription produces what?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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14
Q

The newly created mRNA molecule moves to the…

A

cytoplasm

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15
Q

What can happen when newly created mRNA molecule moves to the cytoplasm?

A

The process of translation can occur.

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16
Q

During translation, small organelles called____ read the mRNA sequence.

A

ribosome

17
Q

Ribosome organelles direct transfer RNA, or tRNA, to assemble a specific sequence of…

A

Amino acids

18
Q

What is a codon?

A

a sequence of 3 mRNA

19
Q

When all the amino acids coded for by a gene link, they fold, and this creates a functional…

A

Protein

20
Q

Mitosis is used for…

A

Replacing injured cells

21
Q

Meiosis is used for…

A

To make gametes

22
Q

What are gametes?

A

organism’s reproductive cells.

23
Q

Translocation

A

A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

24
Q

Inversion

A

when a piece of DNA in a chromosome gets reversed

25
Q

Deletion

A

loss of DNA sequences

26
Q

Insertion

A

A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA

27
Q

Duplication

A

mutation in which 1 or more copies of DNA segment is produced.

28
Q

What are the types of chromosomal mutations that can occur during meiosis?

A

deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

29
Q

Affected individuals who mate with a unaffected individual has a what percent chance of transmitting the trait to each child.

A

50%

principles of biomedical science (13 decks)

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