Review 2.2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Any cell in the body that is not a sex cell is called a…
Somatic cell
The type of cell division used to replace injured cells is…
Mitosis
What is meiosis?
The process to make gametes
How many chromosomes are in each of the human body’s somatic cells?
46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in a human body’s gametes?
23 chromosomes
Within a cell, DNA is housed in the…
Nucleus
When a protein needs to be made, a signal is sent to a cell to turn on the what?
Codon
What does codon do?
codes for the needed protein
When is the start of transcription?
when the codon codes the needed protein.
Transcription occurs inside the…
Nucleus
During transcription, DNA is read by an enzyme called…
RNA polymerase
What is a RNA polymerase?
enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence during the process of transcription.
The RNA polymerase during the transcription produces what?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
The newly created mRNA molecule moves to the…
cytoplasm
What can happen when newly created mRNA molecule moves to the cytoplasm?
The process of translation can occur.
During translation, small organelles called____ read the mRNA sequence.
ribosome
Ribosome organelles direct transfer RNA, or tRNA, to assemble a specific sequence of…
Amino acids
What is a codon?
a sequence of 3 mRNA
When all the amino acids coded for by a gene link, they fold, and this creates a functional…
Protein
Mitosis is used for…
Replacing injured cells
Meiosis is used for…
To make gametes
What are gametes?
organism’s reproductive cells.
Translocation
A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
Inversion
when a piece of DNA in a chromosome gets reversed
