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principles of biomedical science > Finals!!! > Flashcards

Finals!!! Flashcards

1
Q

First contact for a patient w/ basic health concerns & routine checks up+physicals.

A

Primary Care Physician

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2
Q

Medical Student

A

Someone who is in school to became a medical doctor

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3
Q

Nurse

A

Licensed. Skilled in maintaining health.

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4
Q

Non-physician practitioner

A

Someone who practices under a medical doctor, such as a nurse practitioner or physicians assistant.

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5
Q

Medical Assistant

A

Unlicensed care giver who works in a Doctors office.

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6
Q

Medical Technicians

A

Uses equipment to do a very specific job such as drawing blood (phlebotomist) or analyzing tissue samples ( histologist)

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7
Q

Other specialists

A

Genetic Counselor, Cardiologist, psychiatrist.

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8
Q

patient liaison

A

An in between for patients & their families & doctors/hospital, helps work out conflicts & address concerns.

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9
Q

Medical History

A

Record of past & current health (habits, lifestyle & family history of illness)

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10
Q

Chief Complaint

A

The patients description of what they feel is their main health problem.

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11
Q

Physical signs

A

Observable signs of illness (rash, coughing, or fever)

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12
Q

Symptoms

A

Any subjective evidence of disease.

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13
Q

Pulse

A

Beats per min

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14
Q

Respiratory Rate

A

Breaths per min

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15
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Force of blood moving through vessels

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16
Q

Body Mass index

A

Body fat ratio (weight to height ratio)

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17
Q

Lung/Breath Sounds

A

Sounds & Clarity of the breath

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18
Q

Oxygen Saturation

A

Oxygen in the blood

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19
Q

Body Temperature

A

Degree of body heat

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20
Q

Stethoscope

A

Purpose: Lung/breath sounds & heart beat

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21
Q

Pulse Oximeter

A

Purpose: Blood oxygen

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22
Q

At what temperature is a fever considered a concern?

A

100 F and above

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23
Q

What 2 locations & which arteries can a medical professional use to determine a patient’s heart rate?

A

On neck (carotid pulse) or on wrist ( radial pulse)

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24
Q

Which organs are the most immediately affected by low Sp0 2

A

The Brain & Heart because they are the most sensitive.

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25
Q

What is blood pressure measuring

A

Each heart beat & the blood that moves through the vessle.

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26
Q

Which artery is used to measure blood pressure in the arm?

A

Brachial Artery

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27
Q

What tool is used during an eye exam?

A

Ophthalmoscope

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28
Q

The 3 regions of the ear are

A

External, middle, and inner

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29
Q

The tool used to examine ears is called

A

Otoscope

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30
Q

What is lymph and what does it do?

A

Clear fluid that contains a high concetration of white blood cells and keeps the body cells moist

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31
Q

Describe Cyanosis

A

Blush color to the skin; particularly finger & lips.

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32
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis & hypoctermis.

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33
Q

Lungs Sounds: Clear

A

A deep woosh of air with each inhalation & exhalaltion.

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34
Q

Lung Sound: Wheezing

A

A high-pitch whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without stethoscope.

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35
Q

Lung Sound:Crackles

A

Short & intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid.

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36
Q

Lung Sound:Strider

A

Thrash, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.

37
Q

Lung Sound: Rhonchi

A

A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.

38
Q

What are rbc also known as

A

erythrocytes

39
Q

what are wbc also known as

A

luekocytes

40
Q

what are platelets also known as

A

thrombocytes

41
Q

describe a erythrocytes

A

hemoglobin carries oxygen; has no nucleus

42
Q

what is a hemoglobin

A

protein that carries O2 in rbc

43
Q

describe a luekocytes

A

has a nucleus; fights infection

44
Q

describe thrombocytes

A

helps clot the blood

45
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood

46
Q

phlebotomists job

A

trained to draw blood from patients who require testing & blood donors & also does lab testing.

47
Q

result of a patient having sickle shaped cells

A

blood cells cannot carry oxygen

48
Q

what does LDL stand for & is good or bad?

A

Low density lipoprotein is bad fat

49
Q

what does HDL stand for & is good or bad?

A

high-density lipoprotein good fat

50
Q

are saturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?

A

soild

51
Q

are unsaturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?

A

liquid

52
Q

what is metabolism?

A

chemical reactions & operations going on inside the body?

53
Q

define macromolecules

A

large molecules produced by living organism.

54
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

generate atp

55
Q

what is atp

A

cell energy

56
Q

location of cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

57
Q

4 macromolecues

A

carbs,lipids,protein,nucleic acids, protein

58
Q

building block of protein

A

amino acids

59
Q

2 examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA & rna

60
Q

define insulin

A

hormone secreted by the pancreases; metabolites carbs+regulates blood glucose levels.

61
Q

what does it mean if someone is hyperglycemic?

A

high blood sugar

62
Q

what is glucagon

A

hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood sugar levels.

63
Q

target organ of glucagon

A

liver

64
Q

any cell that’s not a sex cell

A

somatic cell

65
Q

phase of mitosis where chromosomes are visible

A

prohase

66
Q

spread of cancerous cells to other tissue or parts of body

A

metastasis

67
Q

transcription

A

purpose is to produce a strand of RNA using dna

68
Q

translation

A

purpose is to use mRNA to create a strand of amino acids

69
Q

codon

A

sequence of 3 mRNA bases that codes for 1 amino acids

70
Q

chromosomal spread activity in order

A

1.Drop cells
2.water bath
3.air dry
4.stain

71
Q

is the neurofibromin gene dominant or recessive?

A

Autosomal dominant

72
Q

what is neurofibromin also known as?

A

NF1

73
Q

3 characteristics used to organize a karyotype?

A

size, banding pattern, and centromere position.

74
Q

what is Familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

autosomal genetic condition that causes “bad” LDL cholesterol levels to be high

75
Q

how many chromosomes do most humans have

A

46 chromosomes

76
Q

restriction enzyme

A

biological scissors that recognize specific sequences and make a cut

77
Q

PCR

A

Lab technique for amplifying DNA

78
Q

RFLP

A

differences among people and their DNA at certain sequences.

79
Q

minuatiae

A

tiny fingerprints ridge details

80
Q

Kastle-Meyer

A

reacts with iron in the blood

81
Q

luminol

A

glows bright blue in the dark when in contact with blood

82
Q

leucocrystal violet

A

reacts with hemoglobin and turns purple

83
Q

which presumptive testing did we do in class?

A

Kastle-Meyer

84
Q

list steps of PCR in order

A

denaturation, annealing, extension

85
Q

what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is staggered

A

sticky

86
Q

what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is straight

A

blunt

87
Q

what charge is dna

A

negative

88
Q

what is the sample that has known sizes of DNA to compare to unknown samples on a gel electrophoresis

A

DNA ladder

principles of biomedical science (13 decks)

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