Finals!!! Flashcards
First contact for a patient w/ basic health concerns & routine checks up+physicals.
Primary Care Physician
Medical Student
Someone who is in school to became a medical doctor
Nurse
Licensed. Skilled in maintaining health.
Non-physician practitioner
Someone who practices under a medical doctor, such as a nurse practitioner or physicians assistant.
Medical Assistant
Unlicensed care giver who works in a Doctors office.
Medical Technicians
Uses equipment to do a very specific job such as drawing blood (phlebotomist) or analyzing tissue samples ( histologist)
Other specialists
Genetic Counselor, Cardiologist, psychiatrist.
patient liaison
An in between for patients & their families & doctors/hospital, helps work out conflicts & address concerns.
Medical History
Record of past & current health (habits, lifestyle & family history of illness)
Chief Complaint
The patients description of what they feel is their main health problem.
Physical signs
Observable signs of illness (rash, coughing, or fever)
Symptoms
Any subjective evidence of disease.
Pulse
Beats per min
Respiratory Rate
Breaths per min
Blood Pressure
Force of blood moving through vessels
Body Mass index
Body fat ratio (weight to height ratio)
Lung/Breath Sounds
Sounds & Clarity of the breath
Oxygen Saturation
Oxygen in the blood
Body Temperature
Degree of body heat
Stethoscope
Purpose: Lung/breath sounds & heart beat
Pulse Oximeter
Purpose: Blood oxygen
At what temperature is a fever considered a concern?
100 F and above
What 2 locations & which arteries can a medical professional use to determine a patient’s heart rate?
On neck (carotid pulse) or on wrist ( radial pulse)
Which organs are the most immediately affected by low Sp0 2
The Brain & Heart because they are the most sensitive.
What is blood pressure measuring
Each heart beat & the blood that moves through the vessle.
Which artery is used to measure blood pressure in the arm?
Brachial Artery
What tool is used during an eye exam?
Ophthalmoscope
The 3 regions of the ear are
External, middle, and inner
The tool used to examine ears is called
Otoscope
What is lymph and what does it do?
Clear fluid that contains a high concetration of white blood cells and keeps the body cells moist
Describe Cyanosis
Blush color to the skin; particularly finger & lips.
What are the 3 layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis & hypoctermis.
Lungs Sounds: Clear
A deep woosh of air with each inhalation & exhalaltion.
Lung Sound: Wheezing
A high-pitch whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without stethoscope.
Lung Sound:Crackles
Short & intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid.
Lung Sound:Strider
Thrash, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.
Lung Sound: Rhonchi
A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.
What are rbc also known as
erythrocytes
what are wbc also known as
luekocytes
what are platelets also known as
thrombocytes
describe a erythrocytes
hemoglobin carries oxygen; has no nucleus
what is a hemoglobin
protein that carries O2 in rbc
describe a luekocytes
has a nucleus; fights infection
describe thrombocytes
helps clot the blood
plasma
liquid portion of blood
phlebotomists job
trained to draw blood from patients who require testing & blood donors & also does lab testing.
result of a patient having sickle shaped cells
blood cells cannot carry oxygen
what does LDL stand for & is good or bad?
Low density lipoprotein is bad fat
what does HDL stand for & is good or bad?
high-density lipoprotein good fat
are saturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?
soild
are unsaturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?
liquid
what is metabolism?
chemical reactions & operations going on inside the body?
define macromolecules
large molecules produced by living organism.
purpose of cellular respiration
generate atp
what is atp
cell energy
location of cellular respiration
mitochondria
4 macromolecues
carbs,lipids,protein,nucleic acids, protein
building block of protein
amino acids
2 examples of nucleic acids
DNA & rna
define insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreases; metabolites carbs+regulates blood glucose levels.
what does it mean if someone is hyperglycemic?
high blood sugar
what is glucagon
hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood sugar levels.
target organ of glucagon
liver
any cell that’s not a sex cell
somatic cell
phase of mitosis where chromosomes are visible
prohase
spread of cancerous cells to other tissue or parts of body
metastasis
transcription
purpose is to produce a strand of RNA using dna
translation
purpose is to use mRNA to create a strand of amino acids
codon
sequence of 3 mRNA bases that codes for 1 amino acids
chromosomal spread activity in order
1.Drop cells
2.water bath
3.air dry
4.stain
is the neurofibromin gene dominant or recessive?
Autosomal dominant
what is neurofibromin also known as?
NF1
3 characteristics used to organize a karyotype?
size, banding pattern, and centromere position.
what is Familial hypercholesterolemia?
autosomal genetic condition that causes “bad” LDL cholesterol levels to be high
how many chromosomes do most humans have
46 chromosomes
restriction enzyme
biological scissors that recognize specific sequences and make a cut
PCR
Lab technique for amplifying DNA
RFLP
differences among people and their DNA at certain sequences.
minuatiae
tiny fingerprints ridge details
Kastle-Meyer
reacts with iron in the blood
luminol
glows bright blue in the dark when in contact with blood
leucocrystal violet
reacts with hemoglobin and turns purple
which presumptive testing did we do in class?
Kastle-Meyer
list steps of PCR in order
denaturation, annealing, extension
what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is staggered
sticky
what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is straight
blunt
what charge is dna
negative
what is the sample that has known sizes of DNA to compare to unknown samples on a gel electrophoresis
DNA ladder
