Finals!!! Flashcards by Blessing Par

First contact for a patient w/ basic health concerns & routine checks up+physicals.

Primary Care Physician

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Medical Student

Someone who is in school to became a medical doctor

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Nurse

Licensed. Skilled in maintaining health.

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Non-physician practitioner

Someone who practices under a medical doctor, such as a nurse practitioner or physicians assistant.

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Medical Assistant

Unlicensed care giver who works in a Doctors office.

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Medical Technicians

Uses equipment to do a very specific job such as drawing blood (phlebotomist) or analyzing tissue samples ( histologist)

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Other specialists

Genetic Counselor, Cardiologist, psychiatrist.

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patient liaison

An in between for patients & their families & doctors/hospital, helps work out conflicts & address concerns.

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Medical History

Record of past & current health (habits, lifestyle & family history of illness)

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Chief Complaint

The patients description of what they feel is their main health problem.

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Physical signs

Observable signs of illness (rash, coughing, or fever)

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Symptoms

Any subjective evidence of disease.

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Pulse

Beats per min

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Respiratory Rate

Breaths per min

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Blood Pressure

Force of blood moving through vessels

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Body Mass index

Body fat ratio (weight to height ratio)

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Lung/Breath Sounds

Sounds & Clarity of the breath

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Oxygen Saturation

Oxygen in the blood

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Body Temperature

Degree of body heat

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Stethoscope

Purpose: Lung/breath sounds & heart beat

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Pulse Oximeter

Purpose: Blood oxygen

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At what temperature is a fever considered a concern?

100 F and above

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What 2 locations & which arteries can a medical professional use to determine a patient’s heart rate?

On neck (carotid pulse) or on wrist ( radial pulse)

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Which organs are the most immediately affected by low Sp0 2

The Brain & Heart because they are the most sensitive.

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What is blood pressure measuring

Each heart beat & the blood that moves through the vessle.

Which artery is used to measure blood pressure in the arm?

Brachial Artery

What tool is used during an eye exam?

Ophthalmoscope

The 3 regions of the ear are

External, middle, and inner

The tool used to examine ears is called

Otoscope

What is lymph and what does it do?

Clear fluid that contains a high concetration of white blood cells and keeps the body cells moist

Describe Cyanosis

Blush color to the skin; particularly finger & lips.

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis & hypoctermis.

Lungs Sounds: Clear

A deep woosh of air with each inhalation & exhalaltion.

Lung Sound: Wheezing

A high-pitch whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without stethoscope.

Lung Sound:Crackles

Short & intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid.

Lung Sound:Strider

Thrash, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.

Lung Sound: Rhonchi

A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.

What are rbc also known as

erythrocytes

what are wbc also known as

luekocytes

what are platelets also known as

thrombocytes

describe a erythrocytes

hemoglobin carries oxygen; has no nucleus

what is a hemoglobin

protein that carries O2 in rbc

describe a luekocytes

has a nucleus; fights infection

describe thrombocytes

helps clot the blood

plasma

liquid portion of blood

phlebotomists job

trained to draw blood from patients who require testing & blood donors & also does lab testing.

result of a patient having sickle shaped cells

blood cells cannot carry oxygen

what does LDL stand for & is good or bad?

Low density lipoprotein is bad fat

what does HDL stand for & is good or bad?

high-density lipoprotein good fat

are saturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?

soild

are unsaturated fats soild or liquid at room temp.?

liquid

what is metabolism?

chemical reactions & operations going on inside the body?

define macromolecules

large molecules produced by living organism.

purpose of cellular respiration

generate atp

what is atp

cell energy

location of cellular respiration

mitochondria

4 macromolecues

carbs,lipids,protein,nucleic acids, protein

building block of protein

amino acids

2 examples of nucleic acids

DNA & rna

define insulin

hormone secreted by the pancreases; metabolites carbs+regulates blood glucose levels.

what does it mean if someone is hyperglycemic?

high blood sugar

what is glucagon

hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood sugar levels.

target organ of glucagon

liver

any cell that's not a sex cell

somatic cell

phase of mitosis where chromosomes are visible

prohase

spread of cancerous cells to other tissue or parts of body

metastasis

transcription

purpose is to produce a strand of RNA using dna

translation

purpose is to use mRNA to create a strand of amino acids

codon

sequence of 3 mRNA bases that codes for 1 amino acids

chromosomal spread activity in order

1.Drop cells 2.water bath 3.air dry 4.stain

is the neurofibromin gene dominant or recessive?

Autosomal dominant

what is neurofibromin also known as?

NF1

3 characteristics used to organize a karyotype?

size, banding pattern, and centromere position.

what is Familial hypercholesterolemia?

autosomal genetic condition that causes "bad" LDL cholesterol levels to be high

how many chromosomes do most humans have

46 chromosomes

restriction enzyme

biological scissors that recognize specific sequences and make a cut

PCR

Lab technique for amplifying DNA

RFLP

differences among people and their DNA at certain sequences.

minuatiae

tiny fingerprints ridge details

Kastle-Meyer

reacts with iron in the blood

luminol

glows bright blue in the dark when in contact with blood

leucocrystal violet

reacts with hemoglobin and turns purple

which presumptive testing did we do in class?

Kastle-Meyer

list steps of PCR in order

denaturation, annealing, extension

what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is staggered

sticky

what do we call a cut made by a restriction enzyme that is straight

blunt

what charge is dna

negative

what is the sample that has known sizes of DNA to compare to unknown samples on a gel electrophoresis

DNA ladder