Review 2 Flashcards
- Know the monomers for each of the 4 organic macromolecules we discussed.
Protein-(mono) amino acid—(poly) protein /polar dissolve in water
Carbs-(animals) glycogen, (Plants) starches. (Monosaccharides (simple), Polysaccharides (complex) /polar dissolve in water
Nuclei Acids-(mono) nucleotide (poly) RNA and DNA /polar dissolves in water
Lipids – (mono) fatty acid (poly) several together/ non polar doesn’t dissolve in water
- Know the taxonomic levels from least related to most related.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Phylogeny
The evolutionary relationships of organisms (Doesn’t include dates or time scale)
Cladogram
a diagram of phylogeny, a diagram of evolutionary relationships (doesn’t include dates or a time scale)
Taxonomy
system of classifying and naming organisms
Classification
emphasized organisms shared similarities of organisms or classifying something using similar characteristics
binomial nomenclature
a formal two-word system of naming species using the Latin language
Know the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms. Know table 18.1.
Domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Bacteria Prokaryotic mostly single-celled heterotrophs or autotrophs
Archaea Prokaryotic single celled heterotrophs or autotrophs
Eukarya
Protists Eukaryotic Singled or multi celled heterotrophs or autotrophs
Plants Eukaryotic Multi-cellar Autotrophs
Fungi Eukaryotic single or multi celled Heterotrophs
Animals Eukaryotic multi- cellar Heterotrophs
What are some important things bacteria do for humans?
- Break down organic matter, making carbon available for photosynthesis
- Helps make nitrogen available to living things
- Produce vitamins in our bodies
- some bacteria in our bodies prevent harmful species from infecting us
- Some are essential for making yogurt and cheese
- some causes disease
- Genetically engineered bacteria produce insulin and other important products
What are antibiotics? Do they work against viruses?
Antibiotics kill the target bacteria as well as other bacteria that may be beneficial in keeping populations of yeast under control. When these beneficial bacteria die, the yeast proliferate.
No they do no work against viruses.
Know the 2 cycles of viruses
Lysogentic- First Viral DNA inserts itself into the host cell chromosome, Host cell reproduces normally replicating viral DNA, cell and viral DNA are reproduced many times, and occasionally the viral DNA separates from the bacterial chromosome initiating a Lytic Cycle
Lytic cycle-Virus attaches and inject DNA, the cell replicates the virus, and then the cell will die
Cell membrane
controls what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus
where most of the DNA sits known as control center
Cytoplasm
fluid inside the cell
Ribosomes
make proteins
