Review

Question 1

Raynaud’s dz

Answer 1

vasospastic

Question 2

digitalis (pharm)

Answer 2

increase intracellular calcium conc

increase contractility

increase heart’s mechanical pumping ability

positive intropic –> increase myocardial contraction force

Question 3

60 year old man w/ abdominal mass

Answer 3

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 4

myocardial infarction

Answer 4

ischemia leading to necrosis of myocardium

Question 5

how is there necrosis of myocardium during MI

Answer 5

ischemia

lack of blood flood

Question 6

right sided heart failure

Answer 6

right sided ventricular dysfunction secondary to etiher left sided heart failure or pulmonary dz

cor pulmonae

Question 7

cor pulmonae

Answer 7

abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart d/t dz in the lungs or pulmonary blood vessels

Question 8

RS HF signs

Answer 8

edema

jugular vein distension

abdominal pain

right upper quadrant pain

cyanosis

peripheral edema (in LE)

Question 9

left sided heart failure

Answer 9

LV cannot maintain adequate CO to the body

Question 10

LS HF signs

Answer 10

dyspnea

fatigue

muscle weakness

renal changes

Pulmonary edema

Question 11

arrythmia that is a medical emergency

Answer 11

ventricular fibrillation

Question 12

sudden cardiac death in young male athlete

Answer 12

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 13

someone is using drugs and develops infective endocarditis, which valve is most likely affected

Answer 13

mitral valve

MATP

Question 14

aortic radialation

Answer 14

tunica media composed of smooth muscle

Question 15

DVT

Answer 15

occlusion of a vein by a clot (thrombus) w/ secondary inflammatory reaction in the wall of the vein

trauma to endothelium of the vein wall exposes subendothelial tissues to platelets and clotting factors (thrombosis)

Question 16

mural thrombosis

Answer 16

thrombus attaches to the wall but doesnt occlude the vessel

Question 17

occlusive thrombosis

Answer 17

thrombus attaches to the wall and occludes the vessel

Question 18

superficial DVT

Answer 18

saphenous v

Question 19

deep DVT

Answer 19

femoral or iliac v

Question 20

DVT is the

Answer 20

3rd most common CV dz

most common cause of pulmonary embolism

Question 21

what is wrong when there is pooling of blood

Answer 21

ineffective valves

Question 22

varicose veins

Answer 22

abnormal dilation of veins usually in lE

Question 23

varicose veins patho

Answer 23

valves become incompetent or veins more elastic

veins become engorged w/ stagnant blood

Question 24

angina chronic stable

Answer 24

classic

exertional

occurs @ predictable levels of physical and emotional stress

OK AT REST

Question 25

angina diagnosis

Answer 25

history supported by sublingual nitroglycerin shortening attacks

Question 26

heart block

Answer 26

rhythm arrythmia disorder of heartbeat caused by an interruption in the passage of impulses through the heart's electrical system

Question 27

congenital heart disease

Answer 27

cyanotic acyanotic

Question 28

cyanotic CHF

Answer 28

defects result from obstruction of blood flow to the lungs or mixing of venous and arterial blood within the chambers of the heart tetrology of fallot

Question 29

tetrology of fallot

Answer 29

pulmonary stenosis large ventricular septal defect aortic communication w/ both ventricles right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 30

barrel chest

Answer 30

advances cystic fibrosis

Question 31

2 types of asthma

Answer 31

extrinsic intrinsic

Question 32

extrinsic asthma

Answer 32

allergic result of an allergy to specific triggers

Question 33

intrinsic

Answer 33

non-allergic no known allergic cause or trigger

Question 34

bronchitis types

Answer 34

chronic (COPD) acute

Question 35

chronic bronchitis

Answer 35

productive cough lasting for at least 3 months per year for 2 years

Question 36

chronic bronchitis risk factors

Answer 36

irritants and smoking

Question 37

patho chronic bronchitis

Answer 37

inflammation and scarring of bronchial lining

Question 38

clin man chronic bronchitis

Answer 38

persistent cough and sputum production that causes SOB, prolonged expiration, recurrent infection

Question 39

management of chronic bronchitis

Answer 39

reducing irritants and combo of bronchodilators

Question 40

acute bronchitis

Answer 40

inflammation of trachea and bronchi that is short duration (1-3 weeks) result from chemical irritation or viral irritation

Question 41

acute bronchitis symptoms

Answer 41

upper respiratory infection/cold when worsens leads to fever, irritating cough, sore throat, laryngitis, chest pain

Question 42

viral acute bronchitis

Answer 42

non-productive cough aggravated by cold, dusty air

Question 43

bacterial acute bronchitis

Answer 43

retrosternal pain aggravated by cough

Question 44

radio-opaque lobe on CXR

Answer 44

lobar pneumonia

Question 45

atelectasis

Answer 45

collapse of normally expanded and aerated lung tissue at the structural level

Question 46

primary cause of atelectasis

Answer 46

obstruction of bronchus serving affected area air in the alveoli is slowly absorbed into blood stream w/ subsequent collapse of alveoli

Question 47

how else can atelectasis occur

Answer 47

interference w/ natural forces that promote lung expansion direct compression

Question 48

symptoms atelectasis

Answer 48

dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, elevation of temp, drop in BP, substernal forces, shock

Question 49

treatment atelectasis

Answer 49

re-expansion of lung chronic cases --> removal of segment/lobe

Question 50

cystic fibrosis

Answer 50

inherited disorder of ion transport to exocrine glands NA and CL autosomal recessive trait --> mutation on chromosome 7 --> CFTR gene

Question 51

CF patho

Answer 51

impermeability of epithelial cells to Cl- elevation of sweat electrolytes pancreatic insufficiency dehydrated and increased viscosity of mucus gland secretions in lungs, pancreas and sweat glands

Question 52

CF presents thick mucus in

Answer 52

lungs pancreas liver

Question 53

CF clin man

Answer 53

excessive appetite poor weight salty skin and sweat bulky stool that floats

Question 54

diagnosis CF

Answer 54

sweat test sodium chloride conc under 20 --> >60 over 20 --> >80

Question 55

treatment CF

Answer 55

protect the airway bronchodilators and glucocorticoids

Question 56

prognosis CF

Answer 56

median age is 38.3 d/y pulmonary complications