pharmacology of CV system Flashcards

1
Q

antihypertensive drugs

A

diuretics

sympatholytic drugs

vasodilators

inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system

calcium channel blockers

treatment of hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

diuretics

A

increase the formation and excretion of urine to decrease plasma fluid volume

thiazide diuretics

loop diuretics

potassium-sparing diuretics

adverse effects

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3
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

act on the early portion of the distal tubule of the nephron

inhibit sodium reabsorption

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4
Q

loop diuretics

A

act primarily on the ascending limb of the loop of henle

inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the nephron

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5
Q

potassium-sparing diretics

A

prevent the secretion of potassium into the distal tubule

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6
Q

adverse effects of diuretics

A

fluid depletion and electrolyte imbalance

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7
Q

sympatholytic drugs

A

decrease sympathetic influence on the heart and/or peripheral vasculature

beta blockers

alpha blockers

presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors

centrally acting agents

ganglionic blockers

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8
Q

beta blockers

A

slow HR

reduce CO

produce general decrease in sympathetic tone

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9
Q

alpha blockers

A

decrease vascular resistance in vascular smooth muscle

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10
Q

presynaptic adrenergic inhibitors

A

depletion of norepinephrine from the presynaptic terminal decreases sympathetic-mediated excitation of the heart and peripheral vasculature

resulting in decreased BP

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11
Q

centrally acting agents

A

limit sympathetic activity at the brainstem vasomotor center

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12
Q

ganglionic blockers

A

block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia

decreasing systemic sympathetic activity

reducing BP

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13
Q

vasodilators

A

decreases peripheral vascular resistance

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14
Q

inhibition of renin-angiotensin system

A

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

angiotensin II blockers

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15
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

decrease the hypertensive effects of angiotensin II by limiting the production of angiotensin II

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16
Q

angiotensin II blockers

A

block receptor for angiotensin II

blocking effects

17
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

limit calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

decrease vascular smooth muscle contraction and myocardial force and rate of contraction

18
Q

treatment of hyperlipidemia

A

focus on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins and increasing the beneficial HDLs

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

19
Q

statins

A

decrease cholesterol production, especially in liver cells

lipitor

20
Q

antithrombotic drugs

A

inhibit the function of platelets

aspirin

others reduce platelet-induced clotting

adverse effects –> increased risk of bleeding

21
Q

aspirin

A

suppresses platelet aggregation by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

22
Q

thrombolytic drugs

A

facilitate the breakdown and dissolution of clots that have already formed

streptokinase and urokinase

anistreplase

reteplase and tenecteplase

adverse effects

23
Q

streptokinase and urokinase

A

bring about the activation of plasmin, can be used to successfully resolve acute clot formation in coronary arteries and peripheral vessels

24
Q

anistreplase

A

binds to fibrin, where it is chemically activated so that the streptokinase can modify plasminogen and initiate clot breakdown

25
reteplase and tenecteplase
newer agents can be given more rapidly further studies need to be done
26
adverse effects
hemorrhage excessive bleeding fever allergic reaction