review 1 Flashcards
on what continent did the first forms of man evolve
east Africa
what form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago?
homosapiens
homosapiens migrated from Africa to where?
Eurasia, Americans, Australia
how did early man gain his food?
hunting and gathering
early man was dependent on the availability of what?
wild plants and animals
early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what?
fire
name 2 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies
clans and nomads
name 4 things which developed during the old Stone Age
oral language, cave art, stone tools, stone weapons
what is another name for the old Stone Age
Paleolithic
a person who migrated in search for food, water, shelter is a
nomad
what group developed the first tools and weapons?
old Stone Age
name 5 things which developed during the New Stone Age
agriculture, domesticated animals, advanced tools, calendars, permanent settlements
what is another name for New Stone Age
Neolithic
what effect did agriculture have on how early man lived
permanent settlements
what does carbon do?
determine age of fossils
what is an artifact
man made objects
what archaeological site in England was built during the Neolithic period and Bronze Age?
stonehenge
name 3 other archeological sites that reveal the Info on the life of the Neolithic people
Aleppo, Jericho, catalhoyuk
what did river valleys provide for early civilizations?
protection and fertile soil
the area located from the Mediterranean coast to the mespotamia is called what
Fertile Crescent
when did the first river valley civilization appear?
350 bc
Egypt is located next to what river?
Nile
what area is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
Mesopotamia
what river valley is located In India
Indus
on what river was China’s river civilization located?
huang he, yellow river
the Nike river is located on what continent?
Africa
on what continent is mespotamia located?
southwest Asia
where did the first civilization develop?
river valleys in Africa
what groups invaded river valley civilizations
nomads
who settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the jordan river valley
Hebrews
what group settled along the eastern Mediterranean coast?
Phoenicians
what civilization was located on the upper Nile river valley?
Nubia
where were the “cradles of civilization” located?
river valleys
who ruled egypt?
Pharaohs
how did rulers in the river valleys gain power?
God selected
what is a dynasty
family of rulers
(T)(F) most river valleys had a ridged class system
true
what was accepted in most river valley civilizations
polytheism
the government of early Mesopotamia civilizations often had a centralized government based on what?
religious leaders
name the two written law codes of the Fertile Crescent
10 commandments, code of hammuri
what is an empire?
group of states controlled by 1 ruler
what political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands
city states
what were two metals used to make tools and weapons
bronze and iron
what group traded throughout the Mediterranean Sea and middle eastern rivers?
Phoenicians
name 3 reasons river valley civilizations had an agricultural surplus.
settled, silt, more people to grow crops
where were the works first cities located?
mespotamia
people who do work according to their skills are practicing what?
specialized labor
what type of religion did most people of the Fertile Crescent practice?
polytheism
what type of religion did the Hebrews follow?
monotheistic
Judaism is the foundation of what other religions?
Christianity and Islam
which civilization was the first to follow one God?
Hebrews
who led the Hebrews out of mespotamia and helped found the Jewish faith
Abraham
who received the 10 commandments
Moses
what is the holy city of the Hebrews?
Jerusalem
who led the Jews out of Egypt?
Moses
what states the proper moral and religious conduct of the Hebrews
Torah
what is the belief in one God?
monotheism
what is the religion of the Hebrews?
Judaism
the Hebrews were forced to leave Palestine because they rebelled too often. what is this called?
diaspora
what civilization used hieroglyphics?
Egyptians
what civilization developed the alphabet as we know it
Phoenicians
what civilizations used cuneiform?
Sumerians
the earliest written symbols were called what?
pictograms
how did the Persians treat the people they conquered?
very tolerant
what is bureaucracy
organized government
what religion did the Persians follow?
Zoroastrianism
what did the Persians do to improve communication and trade in their empire?
built roads
who had the largest empire in the ancient world before Alexander the Great
Persia
what was the second river valley in India to be settled?
Ganges
who invaded and conquered the original Indus River valley civilization?
Indo-Aryans
what was Indians rigidly structures social system based on occupation?
caste-system
name 3 geographic barriers which made invading India harder
Himalayas, Indian Ocean, Hindu Kush
what mountains are to the west of the Indian sub-continent?
Hindu Kush
what mountains are to the east of the Indian sub-unit
Himalayas
through what mountain range did invaders reach India?
Hindu Kush
what are the 2 main rivers of the Indian subcontinent
Ganges and Indus
what shaped how early human societies lived their lives
geography and environment
what did the caste system influence?
Hindu religion
during what empire was Indias golden age of culture
Gupta
name 2 nonreligious contributions of India
math, textile, literature
what was the religion of classical India?
Hinduism
what religion beloved in one major deity who takes many forms?
Hinduism
the Indian cycle of rebirth is called what
reincarnation
future reincarnation based in present behavior is what?
karma
what are the sacred writings of Hinduism
Vedas and Upanishads
what religion are the sacred writings of Hinduism?
Buddhism
what was Buddhism founded?
India
what does a Buddhist have to do to gain enlightenment?
follow eightfold path
who was Buddha
siddhartha gutama
who sent missionaries to spread Buddhism throughout Asia
Asoka
what are the 2 basic beliefs of Buddhism
4 noble truths, eightfold path
in what river valley was classical China’s civilization located?
huang he
what is another name for huang he?
yellow river
from where did migratory invaders enter China?
gobi desert
why was the Great Wall built
protection from invaders
about when did China’s civilization begin?
5000 years ago
what 2 religions did China contribute?
Taoism, Confucianism
who built the Great Wall of china
shi huang di
the ruling families of China were called what?
dynasties
Chinese rulers served under the authority of what?
Mandate of Heaven
what does Mandate of Heaven mean?
God selected
Chinese emperors were considered to be what?
gods
what connected China to cultures as far away as rome?
Silk Road
people who work for the bureaucracy of China were part of what?
civil service
what fabric did China contribute to the world?
silk
