Review 1

Question 1

Data Set

Answer 1

A collection of objects or elements (e.g., numbers
or letters)

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

The complete collection of all elements or subjects to be studied. The size is represented by N.

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

A subset of elements drawn from the population. The size is represented by n.

Question 4

Random Sample

Answer 4

A sample that is selected randomly from the population so that each member has an equal chance of being chosen. Also called a simple random sample.

Question 5

Statistics

Answer 5

The field of study concerned with collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from data.

Question 6

Variable

Answer 6

A characteristic or attribute that can take on different values. Variables can be categorical (gender) or numerical (test score).

Question 7

Frequency Distribution

Answer 7

An organized tabulation of the number of times each value of a variable occurs.

Question 8

Relative Frequency

Answer 8

The frequency of a value expressed as a proportion or percentage of the total number of values.

Question 9

Probability

Answer 9

A measure of the likelihood or chance that an event will occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).

Question 10

Sample Space

Answer 10

The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

Question 11

Event

Answer 11

A set of one or more outcomes of an experiment.

Question 12

Probability Space

Answer 12

Contains the complete set of probabilities and can be represented by a Venn diagram.

Question 13

Set

Answer 13

A collection of distinct objects or elements. Sets are represented with curly brackets {}.

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

An individual member of a set.

Question 15

Union

Answer 15

The set of all elements that are in set A, in set B, or in both sets. Written as A ∪ B.

Question 16

Intersection

Answer 16

The set of all elements that are common to both set A and set B. Written as A ∩ B.

Question 17

Complement

Answer 17

The set of all elements not in the original set.

Question 18

Mutually Exclusive Events

Answer 18

Events that cannot both occur at the same time, so the probability of their intersection is 0.

Question 19

Addition Rule for Probability

Answer 19

For mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Question 20

Subjective Probability

Answer 20

Based on personal judgment or belief rather than objective data.

Question 21

Objective Probability

Answer 21

Determined through logic, relative frequency, or other quantifiable means.

Question 22

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 22

Common measures include the mean, median and mode.

Question 23

Measures of Variability

Answer 23

Include range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation.

Question 24

Graphical Displays

Answer 24

Useful for exploring and summarizing data, such as histograms, box plots, scatter plots.

Question 25

Probability Distributions

Answer 25

Assign probabilities to all possible outcomes of a random variable based on its behavior. Common examples include the binomial and normal distributions.

Question 26

Random Number

Answer 26

no one will have the same set of values

Question 27

RANDBETWEEN()

Answer 27

Returns a random number between the numbers you specify, inclusive, universally distributed

Question 28

RAND()

Answer 28

Returns a random number > = 0 < 1, uniformly distributed (i.e., each number has an equal chance of being chosen).

Question 29

Venn Diagram

Answer 29

uses circles that overlap or don’t overlap to show the commonalities and differences among things or groups of things

Question 30

Collectively Exhaustive

Answer 30

A set of probabilities that covers all the probability space.

Question 31

Logic

Answer 31

Used to determine the probability of an event without performing a series of trials through intuition