Reversible Reactions and Equilibria Flashcards
Describe what happens in reversible reactions.
In reversible reactions, reactants form products and products can revert back to reactants under certain conditions.
Explain the use of the symbol ⇌ in chemical equations.
The symbol ⇌ shows that the reaction can proceed in both forward and backward directions.
Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, so the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
Describe the formation of ammonia.
Ammonia is formed by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high temperature and pressure, catalyzed in the Haber process.
State the conditions used for the Haber process.
Temperature of 450°C, pressure of 200 atmospheres, and an iron catalyst.
Describe how changing temperature, pressure, and concentration affect equilibrium.
Increasing temperature favors the endothermic reaction; increasing pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules; changing concentration shifts equilibrium to counter the change.
