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PSYC 2324 MIDTERM 1 > REVEL CH 3 > Flashcards

REVEL CH 3 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ are more common in some families (indicating genetic influences), in some ethnic groups and in women who use fertility drugs

a. neural tube defects
b. dizygotic twins
c. monozygotic twins
d. high blood sugar

A

b. dizygotic twins

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2
Q

during the embryonic period from __________ to __________ all major organs and body parts are established in rudimentary form. its the most vulnerable period of development

a. week 9 and week 38
b. week 14 and week 20
c. implantation and week 8
d. fertilization and week 2

A

c. implantation and week 8

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3
Q

fetal movements observed in 3D ultrasound images

a. have been random and unsystematic
b. are signs brain is becoming organized but have little significance for physical growth
c. resemble many complex movements made by newborn babies such as sucking, swallowing and yawning
d. are only made in response to loud sounds made outside womb

A

c. resemble many complex movements made by newborn babies such as sucking, swallowing and yawning

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4
Q

around week 5 of embryonic period process of __________ begins creating basic information processing cells of brain

a. synapse formation
b. neural migration
c. neurogenesis
d. neural differentiation

A

c. neurogenesis

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5
Q

sexual differentiation involves bidirectional interactions among genes, primitive genitals and an internal environmental factor

a. movements
b. sex hormones
c. placenta
d. folic acid

A

b. sex hormones

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6
Q

one organ system that appears to have a sensitive period during most of prenatal period is

a. limbs
b. lungs
c. brain
d. heart

A

c. brain

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7
Q

what is a possible mechanism by which maternal smoking can influence babys health

a. maternal smoking disrupts several aspects of early brain development and leads to loss of neurons later in pregnancy
b. maternal smoking opens blood vessels in body flooding the placenta
c. maternal smoking raises carbon monoxide and lowers oxygen levels in bloodstream of fetus
d. maternal smoking increases methylation across a wide swath of the genome

A

c. maternal smoking raises carbon monoxide and lowers oxygen levels in bloodstream of fetus

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8
Q

classic fetal alcohol syndrome involving prenatal exposure to very high levels of alcohol ingested by the mother is associated with

a. damage to DNA code
b. mental impairment after birth
c. facial malformations
d. both facial malformations and mental impairment after birth

A

d. both facial malformations and mental impairment after birth

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9
Q

which diseases is routinely prevented in north america by vaccination in childhood with added protection provided to previously uninnoculated women before they get pregnant

a. HIV/AIDS
b. rubella
c. herpes simplex
d. FASD

A

b. rubella

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10
Q

a lack of calories during embryonic and early fetal periods may induce a set of metabolic changes that prepare organism to make more efficient use of food in an environment where food is scarce

a. malnutrition
b. developmental programming
c. over nutrition
d. low birth weight

A

b. developmental programming

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11
Q

research shows older fathers are more to have children with autism or schizophrenia. this means __________ is present in child but not parent

a. developmental programming
b. a de novo mutation
c. a teratogen
d. malnutrition

A

b. a de novo mutation

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12
Q

which is one of the guidelines for healthy pregnancy

a. stop taking any prescription or over-the-counter medications
b. take prenatal vitamins such as folic acid, iron, and calcium
c. get at least 60 minutes of moderate exercise or more per day
d. eat 500 more calories per day

A

b. take prenatal vitamins such as folic acid, iron and calcium

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13
Q

what is a painless procedure in which a technician uses a probe to beam high frequency sound waves at mothers abdomen

a. chorionic villus sampling
b. amniocentesis
c. triple screen test
d. ultrasonography

A

d. ultrasonography

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14
Q

a benefit of triple screen blood test given to mother is that 75 percent to 90 percent of babies with __________ will be discovered

a. neural tube defects
b. HIV/AIDS
c. abnormalities of the limbs, brain and heart
d. a twin

A

a. neural tube defects

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15
Q

in vitro fertilization has which of the following documented effects

a. greater likelihood of prenatal complications
b. produces a higher rate of identical twinning
c. associated with developmental difficulties in older children
d. donated eggs are less likely to implant

A

a. greater likelihood of prenatal complications

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16
Q

in response to hormonal signals from fetus mothers body begins to secrete __________ which initiates uterine contractions and stimulates production of other hormones in mothers body that assist uterine contractions

a. oxytocin
b. cortisol
c. estrogen
d. testosterone

A

a. oxytocin

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17
Q

most common method of relieving pain during childbirth

a. an epidural
b. a doula
c. general anesthesia
d. c-section

A

a. an epidural

18
Q

which dimension of apgar scale refers to babys breathing capabilities

a. grimace
b. pulse
c. respiration
d. activity

A

c. respiration

19
Q

two characteristics of kangaroo care and other practices that seem to help preterm and low-birth-weight babies develop

a. keeping baby cool and talking to baby in a normal voice
b. keeping baby close to mothers chest and keeping outside noise to a minimum
c. playing soft music baby might have heard while in womb and keeping baby warm
d. keeping baby in a pouch and bouncing the baby gently

A

b. keeping baby close to mothers chest and keeping outside noise to a minimum

20
Q

preterm births and low birth weight

a. almost always result from poor nutrition during pregnancy
b. have a variety of causes but half the time there is no obvious cause
c. are rare in modern hospitals
d. are two separate problems that generally dont occur in the same baby

A

b. have a variety of causes but half the time there is no obvious cause

21
Q

in germinal period most vulnerable process is

a. formation of primitive brain
b. limb development
c. implantation
d. formation of neural tube

A

c. implantation

22
Q

a child is born with structural defects in heart and eyes. these most likely occurred in

a. process of birth
b. germinal period
c. embryonic period
d. fetal period

A

c. embryonic period

23
Q

mom is expecting a baby and has been feeling baby kick for about a month. when the fetus is about __________ old, mom is excited to see the babys facial features in the ultrasound image. doctor estimates fetus is about 12 inches long and weighs about 455 grams

a. 7 months
b. 3 months
c. 4 months
d. 5 months

A

d. 5 months

24
Q

glial cells provide support and nourishment to neurons in fetal brain and

a. connect neurons to allow communication between them
b. transform neural stem cells into new types of neurons
c. remove waste products
d. produce basic information processing cells of brain

A

c. remove waste products

25
Q

process of neurons moving from centre of neural tube outward to form brain, either sliding up long fibres extended from the glial cells or moving laterally on their own

a. neurogenesis
b. neuronal migration
c. neural differentiation
d. synapse formation

A

b. neuronal migration

26
Q

fetuses that are genetically male can form female external genitalia if

a. they have congenital adrenal hyperplasia
b. they have an XX chromosome pattern
c. they have complete androgen insensitivity
d. they have an XY chromosome pattern

A

c. they have complete androgen insensitivity

27
Q

which 4 general principles of teratogenic applies when combination of alcohol and cocaine amplifies teratogenic effects

a. genes
b. cumulative effects
c. dose
d. timing of exposure

A

b. cumulative effects

28
Q

a pregnant mother had one drink during last three months of pregnancy. at age 4, her daughter has no facial deformities but she does appear to have some cognitive deficits

a. she has classic fetal alcohol syndrome
b. alcohol does not cause facial deformities in children
c. amount her mother drank was not high enough or early enough in the pregnancy to produce the classic effects of fetal alcohol syndrome
d. she does not have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A

c. amount her mother drank was not high enough or early enough in the pregnancy to produce the classic effects of fetal alcohol syndrome

29
Q

teratogenic effects of drugs such as cocaine and marijuana are

a. not as serious as those produced by smoking and alcohol
b. generally limited to structural malformations of body or brain
c. dependent on timing and dose
d. relatively easy to differentiate from effects of alcohol and other drugs

A

c. dependent on timing and dose

30
Q

effects of rubella contracted by mothers during the pregnancy

a. have been eliminated in all areas of the world due to vaccinations
b. can be counteracted by giving a rubella vaccine to the child after birth
c. are not specific to one organ in body
d. are limited to first trimester of the pregnancy

A

c. are not specific to one organ in body

31
Q

obesity or excessive weight gain during the pregnancy is associated with

a. poor growth of infant after birth
b. excessive weight gain only during infancy
c. excessive weight in childhood and adolescence
d. cognitive deficits

A

c. excessive weight in childhood and adolescence

32
Q

males who over-ate before puberty tend to have sons and grandsons with a higher risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and early death due to

a. mutations to fathers DNA
b. sperm production as an older father
c. having diseases when impregnating mother
d. epigenetic alterations of genes on Y chromosome

A

d. epigenetic alterations of genes on Y chromosome

33
Q

ultrasonography is used for all these purposes except

a. detecting abnormalities in limbs, heart and other major organs
b. determining whether fetal alcohol effects have occurred in fetus brain
c. measuring size and gestational age of fetus
d. detecting whether twins or triplets are present

A

b. determining whether fetal alcohol effects have occurred in fetus brain

34
Q

all are common sources of infertility except

a. age of mother
b. damage to mothers reproductive organs
c. a history of having twins
d. low sperm count

A

c. a history of having twins

35
Q

which is not considered one of three stages of childbirth

a. implantation
b. placental separation
c. dilation
d. birth of baby

A

a. implantation

36
Q

main purpose behind the most popular prepared childbirth methods is to

a. produce healthier mothers and infants
b. understand choice of drugs available to alleviate mothers pain
c. help fathers feel closer to mother and baby
d. reduce amount of pain mother perceives

A

d. reduce amount of pain mother perceives

37
Q

If baby has a low apgar score of 5 or 6

a. brazelton scale should be administered at 1 month
b. test should be repeated at 1 month of age to check on the babys progress
c. an emergency medical procedure is almost always necessary
d. a neonatologist will be called to delivery room to further assess and possibly intervene with baby

A

d. a neonatologist will be called to delivery room to further assess and possibly intervene with baby

38
Q

greatest health risks for preterm babies involve systems of body undergoing final development in last three months of pregnancy. all are potential health risks for preterm babies except

a. respiratory distress syndrome
b. infections
c. serious structural abnormalities of heart
d. problems with digestion

A

c. serious structural abnormalities of heart

39
Q

small for date babies are

a. likely to have problems in infancy but not later in childhood
b. likely to have behaviour and learning problems in childhood
c. most likely to respond well to a social environment full of familiar sounds such as talking and music
d. those who are preterm but of normal weight for gestational age

A

b. likely to have behaviour and learning problems in childhood

40
Q

same risk factors that prompt a baby to be born preterm or with a low birth weight continue in the postnatal environment. all are examples of this situation except

a. poor nutrition
b. maternal smoking
c. poverty
d. kangaroo care

A

d. kangaroo care

PSYC 2324 MIDTERM 1 (4 decks)

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