Retrieval of Memory Flashcards
What does the DMN do when you are focused on a hard externally oriented task?
Deactivates relative to baseline
Why do source memory tasks activate ventrolateral PFC?
There is competition between sources -> judgement you’re making about the size and object are semantic
Which of the following does NOT cause strong interference between memories?
Competition memories which is highly meaningful -> as usually reduces the competition you have memories (basis of the level of processing effect -> think about the meaning of words, it tends to improve memory by reducing competition because it encodes items in a more distinctive fashion)
What type of interference occurs when new learning makes older memories inaccessible?
Retroactive
What circumstances promote false memories?
When there is competition e.g. from semantic knowledge
Why does damage to the hippocampus not promote false memories?
because if it’s already damaged retrieving memories will be hard anyways
What type of semantic impairment is associated with false memories?
Semantic Aphasia
What two deficits are associated with confabulation?
Poor control of memory and a meta-cognitive deficit
Why is retrieval induced forgetting helpful?
Reduces need to control retrieval of target item
Overtime, where may episodic experiences transfer to?
temporal neocortex
-> semantic hub in the anterior temporal lobe
How are memories retrieved?
often spontaneously
how is retrieval from strong cues?
automatic (due to spreading activation)
how is retrieval from weak cues?
can be effortful and we can struggle to separate memories
what was the DMN originally described as?
task negative network / believed to originally deactivate during a demanding task
what are the components of the default mode network?
incl hippocampus, angular gyrus, medial pfc and posterior cingulate
The DMN is implicated in?
spontaneous thought and episodic recollection (/recollective experience)
what happens to the DMN during a difficult task?
often deactivates to support memory retrieval
-> trying to do this during a difficult sensorimotor task, it will interfere with task performance so you might suppress this network deliberate during a non-memory based task
-> if you’re doing a memory task, this network may allow you to do that task
when are regions of DMN active more?
when focused memory on memory -> dependent on the task
what does DMN support?
deliberate and accidental memory retrieval
What did Christoff et al. (2009) find?
more DMN activity during a task where people reported their mind had wandered
Brain Map
Red regions are task positive regions -> show an increased response on a demanding sensory motor task -> this is also important for memory as tends to be switched on during encoding
- Red (encoding) -> Blue (Retrieval -> DMN)
what does episodic memory overlap more with?
episodic memory overlaps with DMN more than semantic memory
Why does episodic memory overlap with DMN more than semantic memory? (Vatansever et al. (2021))
- contrast people making episodic and semantic decisions about word pairs
- in episodic task -> if you contrast that with semantic task, you see more activation in areas of the DMN (posterior cingulate and angular gyrus)
whereas, if you everse contrast and you look at semantic decisions over episodic, you get a different set of areas including the ventrolateral PFC (important for memory control)
what is episodic memories about?
recently formed memories