Retinoscopy Flashcards
Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the ______ of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s ______
Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the far point (PR) of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s entrance pupil
The reflection the clinician sees with the retinoscope is reflected from the ______ of the patient’s retina
external limiting membrane
The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the ______ the patient needs for distance based solely on the _____ of the patient’s eye
The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the prescription the patient needs for distance based solely on the optics of the patient’s eye
Who is known as the “Father of retinoscopy”
F. Cuignet
Who was the first person to measure refractive error using lenses?
H. Parent
The earliest retinoscopes were _____ retinoscopes
spot
Who designed the streak retinoscope in 1927?
Jack Copeland
What is the difference between static and dynamic retinoscopy?
Static - patient fixates on a distance target to determine distance Rx
Dynamic - Patient fixates on a near target to determine accommodation status
During static retinoscopy, accommodation is ____
relaxed
Define conjugate points
two corresponding and reversible optical locations
The ______ is a point in space conjugate to the patient’s retina when accommodation relaxed
far point
What is the bullshit latin way of saying far point?
punctum remotum
Where is the far point located in:
- Emmetropia
- Hypertropia
- Myopia
- Astigmatism
- Emmetropia - Infinity
- Hypertropia - Beyond infinity
- Myopia - a real point in space in front of eye
- Astigmatism - conoid with two line foci
What is the retinoscopy illumination system range as compared to the observation system?
Illumination system - begins are the bulb of the retinoscope and ends at the ELM of the patient’s eye
Observation system - begins at patient’s ELM and ends at clinician’s retina
What is the vergence of light as it leaves the retinoscope in:
- Plane mirror
- Para-stop
- Long concave mirror
- Short concave mirror
- Plane mirror - diverging light
- Para-stop - parallel light
- Long concave mirror - Converging (behind pt)
- Short concave mirror - Converging (front of pt)
With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S
With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is same direction compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but opposite direction compared to the motion of S
With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S
With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is opposite compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but same direction compared to the motion of S
The plane mirror is sleeve ______
down
The short concave mirror is sleeve _____
up
Vergence of light observed in retinoscopy depends on… (three things)
- Refractive error
- Accommodation status
- Lens in front of eye
WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?
Not between you and the patient
WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the opposite direction as the streak (against motion), the PR is where?
Between you and the patient
If the reflex does not movie and the pupil is filled with light (neutrality), the PR is at the ______
entrance pupil
WIth the sleeve up, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?
Between you and the patient
WIth the sleeve up, if the reflex moves in the opposite direction as the streak (against motion), the PR is where?
Not between you and the patient
Moving the clinician’s eye to the far point with a retinoscope can only be done when the patient is _______ and correction is between _____ and ____ D
myopic
between 1.5 D and 5.00 D
The lens that gives us neutrality makes the fundus conjugate to the examiner’s entrance pupil at a fixed difference from the patient’s eye. This is called ____ retinoscopy
Gross retinoscopy
After finding gross retinoscopy, we add a minus lens to diverge the light to make the patient’s fundus conjugate to infinity (correct working distance). This is called _____ retinoscopy
Net retinoscopy
VA through gross retinoscopy should be __/__ to __/__
20/100 - 20/150
Working distance creates a discrepancy between ____ D to ____ D
1.50 D to 2.00 D
Net retinoscopy makes the patient’s fundus conjugate with _____
infinity
The net retinoscopy is the _____
Rx
VA through the net retinoscopy should be __/__
20/20
True/False. Maintaining an accurate working distance during retinoscopy is optional.
Hell to the fucking FALSE
What is the “3-eyed method” (for behind phoropter)
Neutralize OD and leave gross in place
Neutralize OS and leave gross in place
Recheck OD
“fogging” glasses should equal the doctor’s _____
working distance
As we get closer to neutrality, the reflex moves _____ and becomes ____
faster and brighter
In astigmatism, the direction of the streak is always _____ to the meridian being tested
parallel
The streak tests the meridian of the eye ____ to the long axis of the streak
perpendicular
As the streak is rotated in the pupil, the thickness of the streak changes in different orientations if the eye is ____
astigmatic
To neutralize the sphere, start with your streak _____ to the axis
perpendicular
To neutralize the second meridian in astigmatism, add cylinder with your streak _____ to the axis
parallel
The _____ keratometry reading is the axis of the minus correcting cylinder
flatter
Minus cyl X 90 +- 30 corrects ____
AR
Minus cyl X 180 +- 30 corrects _____
WR
Start with ____ _____
sleeve down
