Retinoscopy Flashcards
Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the ______ of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s ______
Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the far point (PR) of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s entrance pupil
The reflection the clinician sees with the retinoscope is reflected from the ______ of the patient’s retina
external limiting membrane
The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the ______ the patient needs for distance based solely on the _____ of the patient’s eye
The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the prescription the patient needs for distance based solely on the optics of the patient’s eye
Who is known as the “Father of retinoscopy”
F. Cuignet
Who was the first person to measure refractive error using lenses?
H. Parent
The earliest retinoscopes were _____ retinoscopes
spot
Who designed the streak retinoscope in 1927?
Jack Copeland
What is the difference between static and dynamic retinoscopy?
Static - patient fixates on a distance target to determine distance Rx
Dynamic - Patient fixates on a near target to determine accommodation status
During static retinoscopy, accommodation is ____
relaxed
Define conjugate points
two corresponding and reversible optical locations
The ______ is a point in space conjugate to the patient’s retina when accommodation relaxed
far point
What is the bullshit latin way of saying far point?
punctum remotum
Where is the far point located in:
- Emmetropia
- Hypertropia
- Myopia
- Astigmatism
- Emmetropia - Infinity
- Hypertropia - Beyond infinity
- Myopia - a real point in space in front of eye
- Astigmatism - conoid with two line foci
What is the retinoscopy illumination system range as compared to the observation system?
Illumination system - begins are the bulb of the retinoscope and ends at the ELM of the patient’s eye
Observation system - begins at patient’s ELM and ends at clinician’s retina
What is the vergence of light as it leaves the retinoscope in:
- Plane mirror
- Para-stop
- Long concave mirror
- Short concave mirror
- Plane mirror - diverging light
- Para-stop - parallel light
- Long concave mirror - Converging (behind pt)
- Short concave mirror - Converging (front of pt)
With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S
With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is same direction compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but opposite direction compared to the motion of S
With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S
With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is opposite compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but same direction compared to the motion of S
The plane mirror is sleeve ______
down
The short concave mirror is sleeve _____
up
Vergence of light observed in retinoscopy depends on… (three things)
- Refractive error
- Accommodation status
- Lens in front of eye
WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?
Not between you and the patient
WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the opposite direction as the streak (against motion), the PR is where?
Between you and the patient
If the reflex does not movie and the pupil is filled with light (neutrality), the PR is at the ______
entrance pupil
WIth the sleeve up, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?
Between you and the patient
