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PPO Final 1 > Retinoscopy > Flashcards

Retinoscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the ______ of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s ______

A

Retinoscopy is the objective determinatino of the patient’s refractive state by locating the far point (PR) of the patient’s eye with the retinoscope and using lenses to move that point to the examiner’s entrance pupil

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2
Q

The reflection the clinician sees with the retinoscope is reflected from the ______ of the patient’s retina

A

external limiting membrane

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3
Q

The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the ______ the patient needs for distance based solely on the _____ of the patient’s eye

A

The purpose of retinoscopy is to measure the prescription the patient needs for distance based solely on the optics of the patient’s eye

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4
Q

Who is known as the “Father of retinoscopy”

A

F. Cuignet

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5
Q

Who was the first person to measure refractive error using lenses?

A

H. Parent

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6
Q

The earliest retinoscopes were _____ retinoscopes

A

spot

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7
Q

Who designed the streak retinoscope in 1927?

A

Jack Copeland

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8
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic retinoscopy?

A

Static - patient fixates on a distance target to determine distance Rx
Dynamic - Patient fixates on a near target to determine accommodation status

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9
Q

During static retinoscopy, accommodation is ____

A

relaxed

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10
Q

Define conjugate points

A

two corresponding and reversible optical locations

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11
Q

The ______ is a point in space conjugate to the patient’s retina when accommodation relaxed

A

far point

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12
Q

What is the bullshit latin way of saying far point?

A

punctum remotum

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13
Q

Where is the far point located in:

  1. Emmetropia
  2. Hypertropia
  3. Myopia
  4. Astigmatism
A
  1. Emmetropia - Infinity
  2. Hypertropia - Beyond infinity
  3. Myopia - a real point in space in front of eye
  4. Astigmatism - conoid with two line foci
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14
Q

What is the retinoscopy illumination system range as compared to the observation system?

A

Illumination system - begins are the bulb of the retinoscope and ends at the ELM of the patient’s eye
Observation system - begins at patient’s ELM and ends at clinician’s retina

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15
Q

What is the vergence of light as it leaves the retinoscope in:

  1. Plane mirror
  2. Para-stop
  3. Long concave mirror
  4. Short concave mirror
A
  1. Plane mirror - diverging light
  2. Para-stop - parallel light
  3. Long concave mirror - Converging (behind pt)
  4. Short concave mirror - Converging (front of pt)
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16
Q

With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S

A

With a plane mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is same direction compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but opposite direction compared to the motion of S

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17
Q

With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is ______ compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but _____ compared to the motion of S

A

With a short concave mirror, the motion of light on the patient’s fundus is opposite compared to the motion of the streak on the patient’s face but same direction compared to the motion of S

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18
Q

The plane mirror is sleeve ______

A

down

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19
Q

The short concave mirror is sleeve _____

A

up

20
Q

Vergence of light observed in retinoscopy depends on… (three things)

A
  1. Refractive error
  2. Accommodation status
  3. Lens in front of eye
21
Q

WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?

A

Not between you and the patient

22
Q

WIth the sleeve down, if the reflex moves in the opposite direction as the streak (against motion), the PR is where?

A

Between you and the patient

23
Q

If the reflex does not movie and the pupil is filled with light (neutrality), the PR is at the ______

A

entrance pupil

24
Q

WIth the sleeve up, if the reflex moves in the same direction as the streak (with motion), the PR is where?

A

Between you and the patient

25
Q

WIth the sleeve up, if the reflex moves in the opposite direction as the streak (against motion), the PR is where?

A

Not between you and the patient

26
Q

Moving the clinician’s eye to the far point with a retinoscope can only be done when the patient is _______ and correction is between _____ and ____ D

A

myopic

between 1.5 D and 5.00 D

27
Q

The lens that gives us neutrality makes the fundus conjugate to the examiner’s entrance pupil at a fixed difference from the patient’s eye. This is called ____ retinoscopy

A

Gross retinoscopy

28
Q

After finding gross retinoscopy, we add a minus lens to diverge the light to make the patient’s fundus conjugate to infinity (correct working distance). This is called _____ retinoscopy

A

Net retinoscopy

29
Q

VA through gross retinoscopy should be __/__ to __/__

A

20/100 - 20/150

30
Q

Working distance creates a discrepancy between ____ D to ____ D

A

1.50 D to 2.00 D

31
Q

Net retinoscopy makes the patient’s fundus conjugate with _____

A

infinity

32
Q

The net retinoscopy is the _____

A

Rx

33
Q

VA through the net retinoscopy should be __/__

A

20/20

34
Q

True/False. Maintaining an accurate working distance during retinoscopy is optional.

A

Hell to the fucking FALSE

35
Q

What is the “3-eyed method” (for behind phoropter)

A

Neutralize OD and leave gross in place
Neutralize OS and leave gross in place
Recheck OD

36
Q

“fogging” glasses should equal the doctor’s _____

A

working distance

37
Q

As we get closer to neutrality, the reflex moves _____ and becomes ____

A

faster and brighter

38
Q

In astigmatism, the direction of the streak is always _____ to the meridian being tested

A

parallel

39
Q

The streak tests the meridian of the eye ____ to the long axis of the streak

A

perpendicular

40
Q

As the streak is rotated in the pupil, the thickness of the streak changes in different orientations if the eye is ____

A

astigmatic

41
Q

To neutralize the sphere, start with your streak _____ to the axis

A

perpendicular

42
Q

To neutralize the second meridian in astigmatism, add cylinder with your streak _____ to the axis

A

parallel

43
Q

The _____ keratometry reading is the axis of the minus correcting cylinder

A

flatter

44
Q

Minus cyl X 90 +- 30 corrects ____

A

AR

45
Q

Minus cyl X 180 +- 30 corrects _____

A

WR

46
Q

Start with ____ _____

A

sleeve down

PPO Final 1 (9 decks)

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