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Retina > Retina 2 > Flashcards

Retina 2 Flashcards

1
Q

IRVAN

A

Idiopathic retinal vasulitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis

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2
Q

What are the angiographic findings that can be seen both in APMPPE and serpiginous choroidopathy?

A

Early hypofluoresence and then late hyperfluorescence. Serpiginous tends to affect deeper choroid which may help distinguish.

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3
Q

What is the angiographic descriptive term used to describe MEWDS lesions?

A

Wreathlike

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4
Q

What is a similar condition to MEWDS but does not have characteristic fundus findings?

A

Idiopathic enlargement of the blind spot syndrome (IEBSS)

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5
Q

Acute macular neuroretinopathy

A

NAME?

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6
Q

What are the 4 phases of VKH?

A
  1. Prodromal phase: flulike illness2. Uveitis phase: bilateral granulomatous uveitis including posterior findings3. Acute uveitis phase: uveitis subsides with depigmentation of uvea, yellow-white exudates4. Final phase: chronic and recurrent inflammation
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7
Q

Is PORN or ARN more associated with immunocopromised?

A

PORN

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8
Q

What are the fibers that are seen to stretch in CME on OCT and what layer of the retina is it?

A

Henley fibers; outer plexiform

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9
Q

What are henle fibers?

A

Cone axons

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10
Q

How often are photoreceptor cell outer segments regenerated?

A

Every 10 days

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11
Q

Is Coats disease unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

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12
Q

Which of the three limiting membranes of the retina (ILM, MLM, XLM) is a true membrane? What are the locations of the other two?

A

ILM is a true membrane; MLM is located at the junction of the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer; XLM is at the junction of the outer nuclear layer and OS/IS layer

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13
Q

midget bipolar cell

A

bipolar cell that synapses with cones in a 1:1 fashion

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14
Q

ICG should not be given to people with allergy to what?

A

Iodide or shellfish

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15
Q

How can you know if a hypofluorescent spot is secondary to blocked fluorescence or to vascular filling defect

A

Look at the color photos (or correlate with DFE)

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16
Q

What does the A wave and B wave responses in ERG represent (what cells)?

A

a wave represents photoreceptor cells and b wave represents muller/bipolar cells

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17
Q

What percentage of cones lie peripheral to the macula

A

90%

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18
Q

What cells are responsible for the c wave in ERG?

A

RPE cells; the c wave is produced 2-4 seconds after the initial stimulus is generated

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19
Q

What is the approximate size of the FAZ

A

250-600 microns

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20
Q

What would be reason to use red Argon laser?

A

It penetrates better and is not absorbed as well by blood. 1. Dense NSC2. Vitreous hemorrhage (if need to laser through)

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21
Q

Where does drusen accumulate?

A

Between RPE and bruchs membrane (technically the inner aspect of bruchs membrane which is the inner collagenous layer)

22
Q

Does an eye with soft macular drusen only or hard macular drusen have an increased risk for advancement to CNV?

A

soft

23
Q

Cuticular drusen

A

innumerable and homogenous round drusen that are small or large 1st apparent in a patient in their 30-40’s. type of familial drusen. VA often stable but drusen can involve fovea

24
Q

What micronutrients have been found to help prevent the advancement of AMD in moderate cases?

A
  1. 500mg Vit C, 400 IU Vit E (AREDS1)2. Zinc 25mg, 10mg Lutein, 2mg zeaxanthine (from AREDS23. Not helpful is beta-carotene (areds2) and higher zinc (80mg), as well as omega-3
25
Q

What VEGF subtype does ranibizumab bind to to inactivate?

A

VEGF-A

26
Q

What are the 4 signs of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome?

A
  1. Punched out chorioretinal lesions2. Juxtapapillary atrophic pigmentary changes3. CNV4. No vitritis
27
Q

What is the definition of high myopia (in diopters and axial length)? Pathologic myopia?

A
  1. > -6.0D; >26.5mm axial length2. >8.00D; > 32.5mm axial length
28
Q

Did DCCT show that tight control of glycemia is important in type 1 or type 2’s? How about UKPDS?

A
  1. Type 1’s2. Type 2’s
29
Q

PDT was shown to be effective for what type of CNV?

A

predominately classic; no difference seen in minimally classic

30
Q

Recoverin antigen is associated with what condition?

A

CAR (cancer associated retinopathy)

31
Q

Transthyretin mutation is seen in what condition?

A

Familial amyloidosis

32
Q

What is the definition of threshold ROP?

A

5,8 in 3,2,1+5 continuous or 8 cumulative clock hours of stage 3 ROP in zone 2 or 1 with plus disease

33
Q

What is the risk for severe NPDR to develop into high-risk PDR in 1 year? Very severe (defined as 2 of the 4-2-1 rule)?

A

15%; 45%

34
Q

What type of IOL material should not be placed in a diabetic?

A

silicone b/c DM patients may have DR issues requiring PPV and silicone interfers with PPV view

35
Q

Which sicle cell hemoglobinopathy has the highest rate of proliferative retinopathy?

A

Hemaglobin C sickle cell disease at 33% rate

36
Q

Sickle cell retinopathy has 5 stages. At what stage is the “sea fan” seen? RD?

A

Stage 3; stage 5

37
Q

In BRVO studies and CRVO studies what was considered to be a risk factor in CRVO but not in BRVO?

A

DM

38
Q

When is the peak incidence of Irvine Gass syndrome following ICCE?

A

6-10 weeks; CME in 95% will spontaneously resolve

39
Q

Does type 1 or type 2 juxtafoveal telangectasia have a male predominance?

A

Type 1

40
Q

What defines type 3 juxtafoveal telangectasia?

A

Type 2 with retinal capillary obliteration

41
Q

Does juxtafoveal telangectasia response to photocoagulation?

A

Type 1 does someone, Type 2 and 3 does not so well

42
Q

PPA exhibits what type of hyperfluoresence on FA?

A

Staining: hyperfluoresence early on that increases with late photos (unlike window defect which will fade)

43
Q

What is the ERG like in CAR and MAR

A

Flat B wave (bipolar cells in inner nuclear layer affected

44
Q

What exposure (in grays) is concerning for radiation retinopathy?

A

30-35 grays>70 grays will most likely result in retinopathy

45
Q

How is radiation retinopathy treated?

A

Just like DR

46
Q

What causes purtscher retinopathy at the tissue/cellular level?

A

Trauma causes injury induced complement activation which results in leukoembolization

47
Q

What is purtscher-like retinopathy?

A

same pathophysiology as purtschers but no trauma (e.g. pancreatitis)

48
Q

What is stage 4A ROP? Stage 5? Stage 3?

A

Fovea on RD; tunnel RD; Ridge with vascular proliferation

49
Q

What percentage of CSR patient exhibit a “smoke stack” FA?

A

10%

50
Q

In obtaining an ICG for suspected CSR, what other conditions are you looking to rule out?

A

PCV and occult CNV AMD

Retina (4 decks)

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