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anaphy lec and lab > reticuloendothelial system (lec) > Flashcards

reticuloendothelial system (lec) Flashcards

1
Q

reticuloendothelial system

A

mononuclear phagocyte system

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2
Q

phagocytic cells are called?

A

macrophages

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3
Q

It is part of the innate immune system

A

RES

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4
Q

ready to protect our body

A

phagocyctes

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5
Q

cells that are ready to attack and ingest microorganisms

A

macrophages

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6
Q

reticular cells contain?

A

reticular fibers (stain only by silver = argyrophilic); forms net

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7
Q

largest organ

A

liver

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8
Q

majority of monocyctes are found in?

A

liver

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9
Q

thymus contains?

A

reticular fibers and macrophages

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10
Q

lymph nodes contains?

A

reticular fibers with phagocytes

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11
Q

bone marrow’s nucleus?

A

horse shoe shaped

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12
Q

blood cells are produced in the?

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

mucosa lymphoid tissue composed of?

A

GIT, respiratory tract, genito urinary tract

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14
Q

has high capacity for active liposomes?

A

liver

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15
Q

the site of accumulation of liposomes for tissue concentration

A

spleen

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16
Q

region of aqueous solution inside a hydrophobic membraine; 10 fold higher than other organs

A

liposomes

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17
Q

main organs of the RES

A

liver and spleen

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18
Q

leukocytes/leucocyctes a.k.a?

A

WBC or white blood cells

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19
Q

cellular components of the WBC?

A

monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils

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20
Q

most abundant & the 1st responder in acute bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

responsible for allergy and asthmatic reactions

A

eosinophils

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22
Q

macrophages are _______________ in origin.

A

mesodermal

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23
Q

macrophages are named differently according to ______________.

A

their location

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24
Q

macrophages in skin?

A

langerhan’s cells

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25
Q

macrophages in liver?

A

kupffer cells or von kupffer cells

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26
Q

macrophages in bones?

A

osteoclast

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27
Q

macrophages in brain?

A

microglia

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28
Q

macrophages in lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen?

A

dendritic

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29
Q

macrophages in connective tissue?

A

tissue histiocytes

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30
Q

macrophages in lungs?

A

alveolar macrophages; as group (langhans giant cell)

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31
Q

macrophages in kidney?

A

mesangial or interglomerular mesangial cells

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32
Q

types of phagocytes?

A

professional and non-professional phagocytes

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33
Q

-for removing microorganisms by presenting antigens
-has receptors on the surfaces

A

professional phagocytes

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34
Q

examples of professional phagocytes?

A

*monocytes
*neutrophils
*macrophages
*mast cells
*dendritic cells

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35
Q

these develop in the bone marrow > matures in the blood > leaves bloodstream within 20-24 hours > becomes macrophages

A

monocytes

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36
Q

stand guards in areas of the body exposed to antigens

A

macrophages

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37
Q

a.k.a as garbage collectors and ferocius killers?

A

macrophages

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38
Q

most abundant and engulfs invaders?

A

neutrophils

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39
Q

____ phagocytes in ____ of blood.

A

6 billion; 1 liter

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40
Q

these catch antigens and then prersents them to the lymphocytes that activates adaptive immune response

A

antigen presenting cells

41
Q

-phagocytosis is not their main function & lacks phagocytic function
-attach themselves to invaders

A

non-professional phagocytes

42
Q

examples of non-professional phagocytes?

A

*fibroblast
*osteoblast
*mesenchymal cells
*epithelial cells
*blood vessels

43
Q

collagen which dissolves scars?

A

fibroblast

44
Q

responsible for bone formation

A

osteoblast

45
Q

types of macrophages?

A

fixed/standby macrophages & mobile/wandering macrophages

46
Q

they filter and destroy objects that are foreign to the body like bacteria, viruses, etc.

A

fixed macrophages

47
Q

example of fixed macrophages?

A

langerhan’s cell in epidermis

48
Q

they remain at the site of action, sticks along the inner blood vessels, snatch and eat microorganisms as they pass

A

fixed macrophages

49
Q

kupffer, microglia, mesangial and alveolar macrophages are example of what type of macrophages?

A

fixed

50
Q

found more on lungs and intestine?

A

fixed macrophages

51
Q

they are grouped together to become one big cell

A

mobile macrophages

52
Q

mobile macrophages moves in _____ and ______ in order to detect invaders

A

bloodstream; lymph nodes

53
Q

other possible ways of the mobile macrophages are within the ______, ________, and ________.

A

lymph glands, body cavity/ies, connective tissues

54
Q

mobile macrophages _____ re-enter the circulation.

A

never

55
Q

mobile macrophages live for _______ days.

A

20-30 days

56
Q

patrols tissue and phagocytize

A

mobile macrophages

57
Q

which specific cell engulfs the tuberculum bacilli?

A

langhans giant cell

58
Q

what does the langhans giant cell in the lungs engulf?

A

tuberculum bacilli

59
Q

mesangial cells a.k.a?

A

interglomerular mesangial cells (in kidney)

60
Q

monoblast a.k.a?

A

myeloblast

61
Q

FORMATION OF MACROPHAGES?

A
  1. bone marrow as stem cells
  2. monoblast > promonocyte > monocyte
  3. monocytes stays in bloodstream for 10-20 hours
  4. turns into macrophages
  5. life span of a few months
62
Q

macrophages can either be __________ or ____________.

A

inflammatory, anti-inflammatory

63
Q

characterisics of transformation of monocytes to macrophages?

A

*increase in cell size
*number of complexity of intracellular organelles like golgi, mitochondria, and lysosome
*intracellular digestive enzymes

64
Q

properties of wbc?

A

-margination
-phagocytosis
-diapedesis
-amoeboid movement
-chemotaxis
-vacuolization

65
Q

cells line up along the inner walls of the blood vessel?

A

margination

66
Q

pseudopods of WBC extends to the capillary pores?

A

diapedesis

67
Q

pseudopods (false-feet) movement; they follow as they move

A

amoeboid movement

68
Q

secretion of substances that attract in injuries of tissue or repels bacteria

A

chemotaxis

69
Q

attraction in injuries to tissue

A

positive chemotaxis

70
Q

repel of bacteria

A

negative chemotaxis

71
Q

engulfing of bacteria, microorganisms, pathogens, etc.

A

phagocytosis

72
Q

foreign particles engulfed by the phagocyte cell and then surrounds invader & acid substance released destroys it

A

vacuolization

73
Q

general functions of the RES?

A

*phagocytosis
*immune function (indirect)
*breakdown of aging RBC
*storage and circulation of iron

74
Q

*cytokines & antibodies are produced
*produces products that inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms and promotes immunity

A

immune function

75
Q

*happens in the spleen
*materials left from breakdown are used to produce more Hgb

A

breakdown of aging RBC

76
Q

clearing of the various subtrates like proteins, lipoproteins, bilirubin, and Hgb happens where?

A

in the liver

77
Q

substrates are?

A

proteins. lipoproteins, bilirubin, Hgb

78
Q

*filtering agent of blood
*immunoglobulin coated blood cells

A

spleen

79
Q

phagocytosis can “eat” larger than ____ like apopotic cells and removes dead cells.

A

5 micrometer

80
Q

permanent loss of the reproducting capacity of microorganisms under the ideal environment conditions

A

microbial killing

81
Q

*a soft palpable gray organ
*filters blood
*high vascular
*reservoir of blood incase of hemorraghic shocks)
*has T cells and B cells

A

spleen

82
Q

spleen is located at the?

A

left upper outer quadrant of the abdomen

83
Q

T cells are found at the?

A

PALS (peri anterior lymphoid sheet)

84
Q

B cells are found at?

A

more on the spleen

85
Q

absence of the spleen could lead to?

A

pneumococcal infections and predisposition toward certain infections

86
Q

spleen is also responsible for recycling ______.

A

iron

87
Q

abnormality of RBC

A

spherocytosis

88
Q

structure of the spleen?

A

capsule, red pulp, white pulp

89
Q

contains lymphocytes, macrophages, rbc

A

capsule

90
Q

contains abundant RBC and macrophages

A

red pulp

91
Q

contains lymphocytes

A

white pulp

92
Q

two types of circulation of the spleen?

A

open and close circulation

93
Q

anterior > sinusoids > veins

A

open circulation

94
Q

unique in spleen; some blood goes into spaces before the sinusoids, filters abnormal RBC

A

close circulation

95
Q

immune functions of the spleen?

A

*respond faster to blood-borne antigens
*reservoir of B cells
*site for phagocytosis
*site for B cell differentiation
*remove antibody coated bacteria

96
Q

removal of the spleen?

A

splenectomy

97
Q

possible causes of splenectomy?

A

*hypersplenism
*primary spleen cancers
*haemolytic anemia: sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), elliptocytosis
*idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
*trauma
*hodgkin’s disease
*autoimmune hemolytic disorders

98
Q

risks of splenectomy? (young individuals)

A

*risk of bacterial infection or post splenectomy sepsis
*patient prone to bacterial pneumonia
*inflammation of the pancreas and collapse of the lungs
*excessive post-operative bleeding (surgical) = decrease in the platelets in the spleen
*post-operative thrombocytosis and thrombosis

99
Q

other disorders of the spleen are?

A

*lymph node disease = lymphoma
*mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (MALT)
*burkitt’s lymphoma or non-burkitt’s lymphoma

anaphy lec and lab (3 decks)

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