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anaphy lec and lab > lymphatic & immune system (lec) > Flashcards

lymphatic & immune system (lec) Flashcards

1
Q

components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic vessels & lymphatic organs

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2
Q

main cell of the immune system

A

lymphocytes

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3
Q

these are the longest living cell in the cells of the blood

A

lymphocytes

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4
Q

the only cell that can multiply even outside the bone marrow

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

T or F: other cells go back into the circulation once they leave

A

F

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6
Q

T or F: lymphocytes cannot re-enter the circulation

A

F

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7
Q

are lymphocytes specific or non-specific?

A

specific

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8
Q

all other WBCs are specific or non-specific?

A

non-specific

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9
Q

the three forms of lymphatic tissue?

A

loose lymphatic tissue, dense lymphatic tissue, nodular lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

2 main drainage of the lymphatic system?

A

thoracic duct & right lymphatic duct

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11
Q

thoracic duct originates from ______ and empties to ________.

A

cisterna chyli to left subclavian vein (junction w/ left internal jugular vein)

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12
Q

right lymphatic duct empties to _________.

A

the right subclavian vein (junction w/ right internal jugular vein)

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13
Q

what are the lymphatic ograns made of?

A

lymphatic cells / lymphocytes & lymphatic tissues

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14
Q

what are the lymphatic organs?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • tonsils
  • peyer’s patch/es
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15
Q

most common among all lymphatic organs, found all over the body

A

lymph nodes

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16
Q

what is the main function of the lymph nodes?

A

filter unwanted substances

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17
Q

lymph nodes are located along __________?

A

along lymphatic vessels : head, neck, axilla, abdominal region, and inguinal area

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18
Q

injury to foot

A

activates inguinal nodes to filter bacteria, multiplication of bacteria or microorg in the inguinal nodes –> inflammatory process that prevents spread of infection

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19
Q

breast cancer

A

once the breast cancers metastisize (go to diff. organ) it passes to the axillary node –> go to diff. nodes & vascular system (once they drain from the jugular vein = it will go to arterial & venous system)

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20
Q

lymphatic system is ______ way and _________ only

A

one way & for drainage only

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21
Q

arterial & venous system _________ and works as __________ & ___________.

A

circulates, works as supply and drainage systems

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22
Q

a large organ found in the mediastinum

A

thymus

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23
Q

T or F: the thymus is bigger in childhood and becomes smaller as you grow older

A

T

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24
Q

T or F: the thymus only has a cortex

A

F : thymus contains a cortex and a medulla

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25
Q

characteristic cell of the thymus?

A

Hassal’s or Thymic corpuscles

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26
Q

the only lymphatic organ with NO nodular tissue and ONLY dense and loose lymphatic tissues

A

thymus

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27
Q

the only lymphatic organ made up of mostly T-CELLS

A

thymus

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28
Q

thymus is made up majorly of what type of cell?

A

T-CELL

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29
Q

largest lymphatic organ

A

spleen

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30
Q

location of the spleen?

A

left hypochondriac region

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31
Q

location of liver?

A

right hypochondriac region

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32
Q

graveyard of dead, drying, and deformed RBC?

A

spleen

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33
Q

disorder in the blood that leads to enlargement of the spleen?

A

SPLENOMEGALY

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34
Q

the main function of the spleen?

A

filtration of blood

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35
Q

common function of all lymphatic organs

A

lymphopoesis

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36
Q

process of forming / production of lymphocytes?

A

lymphopoesis

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37
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE SPLEEN

A
  • Encapsulated
    • Red Pulp
    • White Pulp
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38
Q
  • contains abundant RBC and macrophages
  • reddish area due to pesence of RBC
A

red pulp

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39
Q
  • contains lymphocytes
  • dark area due to presence of lots of WBC
A

white pulp

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40
Q

these are aggregations of lymphoid tissue

A

tonsils

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41
Q

T or F: several groups of tonsils forms a barrier that guards the entrance of the ailmentary and respiratory tracts from invasionof microorganisms

A

F : several groups of tonsils forms a RING not a barrier

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42
Q

the ring formed by several groups of tonsils that guards the ailmentary and respiratory tracts from invasion of microorganisms is called?

A

Waldeyer’s Ring

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43
Q

function of Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

filter & kill unwanted substances

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44
Q

COMPONENTS OF WALDEYER’S RING?

A
  • palatine tonsils
  • lingual tonsils
  • nasopharyngeal tonsil
45
Q

location of the palatine tonsil?

A

oral cavity

46
Q
  • the tonsil you see when you open your mouth
  • one referred to when you say “tonsilitis”
A

palatine tonsils

47
Q

palatine tonsil is partially covered with capsule made up of ___________.

A

stratified non-keratinized epithelium

48
Q

location of the lingual tonsils?

A

at the base of the tongue

49
Q

location of the nasopharyngeal tonsil?

A

in the nasal cavity

50
Q

nasopharyngeal tonsil is covered by ___________ or _____________.

A

respiratory epithelium or pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

51
Q

if the nasopharyngeal tonsil is enlarged in children, it is then called as?

A

adenoid

52
Q

these are special accumulation / clusters of nodules of lymphocytes in the ILEUM

A

Peyer’s Patch/es

53
Q

location of Peyer’s Patch/es?

A

in the lamina propia of the ileum

54
Q

main function of Peyer’s Patch/es?

A

protection (contains a lot of lymphocytes that protects the digestive system = prevents bacteria from reaching the intestinal wall)

55
Q

GALT

A

gut associated lymphatic tissue

56
Q

most lymphoid tissue are located in?

A

in the mucosa of the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and genito-urinary tract (MALT = mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

57
Q

natural defense of the body against diseases

A

immunity

58
Q

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF IMMUNITY?

A
  • rejects transplants & blood transfusion
  • forms allergies
  • forms autoimmune disorders
  • GOOD : controlled
  • BAD : uncontrolled
59
Q

2 main types of immunity?

A
  1. Innate Immunity (Non-Specific)
  2. Specific (Acquired/Adaptive) Immunity
60
Q
  • present at birth
  • its natural form of immunity : skin, saliva, mucus secreted, tears, sebum, cerumen of ear (protection from foreignor unwanted substances or antigen)
A

innate immunity

61
Q

anything that is foreign and not you is an ______.

A

antigen

62
Q

reaction produces ___________, something that is against the antigen.

A

antibody/ies

63
Q

T or F: reactions are different

A

T: no reactions from everyone are the same

64
Q

natural reaction of the body which is different from another body is described as?

A

idiosyncratic reactions

65
Q

type of immunity wherein you already have specific antibody for a specific antigen

A

specific (acquired/adaptive) immunity

66
Q

production of antibodies for measles & life-long protection

A

vaccine for measles (example of specific immunity)

67
Q

TYPES OF MATURE LYMPHOCYTES?

A
  1. T-CELL (specific)
  2. B-CELL (specific)
  3. NK CELL or Natural Killer Cell (non-specific)
68
Q

all lymphocytes are formed where?

A

in the bone marrow

69
Q

it goes to the Thymus for maturity?

A

T-CELL

70
Q

+ other cells

A

helper T cells

71
Q

attack the infected cells, virus, cancer cells, and foreign body

A

cytotoxic T cell

72
Q

terminate normal immune response

A

supressor T cell

73
Q

it goes to the bone marrow for maturity then transfers to the lymph nodes and spleen

A

B CELL

74
Q

involved in humoral immunity

A

B CELL

75
Q

humoral immunity involves what responses?

A
  • primary immune response
  • secondary immune response
76
Q
  • most important of all lymphocytes
  • able to stimulate the cell mediated response of T CELLS (CMI)
  • able to stimulate the humoral mediated response by B CELLS
  • stimulates the phagocytic system
  • the T CELLS specifically destroyed by AIDS = no cure yet
A

helper T-cells

77
Q
  • found in T cell and B cell
  • specific (due to memory)
A

memory cell

78
Q

Specific (Acquired/Adaptive) Immunity is then further subdivided into 2 types of immunity called?

A
  1. Active Immunity
  2. Passive Immunity
79
Q

active immunity are further divided into 2 known as?

A
  1. natural
  2. artificial
80
Q
  • individual’s own immune system is the cause of immunity
  • the body PRODUCES ITS OWN ANTIBODIES
A

active immunity

81
Q

exposure during childhood, antigens are introduced thru natural exposure / natural diseases

A

natural active immunity

82
Q
  • antigens are deliberately introduced via vaccines
  • produce antibodies in the body through vaccines
A

artificial active immunity

83
Q

immunity is TRANSFERRED from another person or animal

A

passive immunity

84
Q

comes from mother to child, usually effective during first 3 months of life

A

natural passive immunity

85
Q

what immunoglobulin is inherited from the mother?

A

IgG

86
Q

gives the antibodies to you which will protect you for the first 3 months or sometimes first 6 months of life

A

mother

87
Q

T or F: whatever the antibody the mother has will be given to the baby

A

T: unless the mother do not have the specific antibody for an antigen yet

88
Q

T or F: it is common to see newborn babies with diseases

A

F: this is because the mother passes her antibodies to the baby for the first 3 to 6 months

89
Q

antibodies are produced in the lab or some other body or person then given to you

A

artificial passive immunity

90
Q

examples of artificial passive immunity?

A
  • ex. bitten by dog = rabies –> antirabies serum = an antibody produced outside your body
  • ex. bitten by snake = venom –> antibody against venom to be introduced
91
Q

T or F: Antigen (Ag) is the body’s opponent

A

T

92
Q

T or F: Antibody (Ab) is the body’s protection

A

T

93
Q

we have how many immunoglobulin classes?

A

5

94
Q

what are the 5 immunoglobulin classes?

A

igG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

95
Q

most common type of immunoglobulin (Ig)

A

IgG

96
Q

All IgG are?

A

monomers

97
Q

*75% of the Ig
*crosses the placenta
*weakly activates the complement system
*most abundant
*arrives only late at the infectious process

A

IgG

98
Q

Ig for active infection?

A

IgM

99
Q

Ig that is present when you are already protected?

A

IgG

100
Q

Ig that is secretory and in all secretions?

A

IgA

101
Q
  • 15% of Ig
    • dimers
    • found in saliva, colostrum (first milk of mother), tears, mucus, urine
A

IgA

102
Q

Ig that is largest in size?

A

IgM

103
Q
  • pentamer
    • most potent activator of complement system
    • 1st antibody during an infectious process
    • 7-10%
A

IgM

104
Q
  • increased in allergic & parasitic reactions
    • less than 1% of Ig
A

IgE

105
Q
  • < 1%
    • exists only as a monomer
    • main Ab on the surface of lymphocytes of newborn
A

IgD

106
Q

first milk of the mother?

A

colostrum

107
Q

a dimer?

A

IgA

108
Q

a pentamer?

A

IgM

109
Q

monomers?

A

IgG and IgD

anaphy lec and lab (3 decks)

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