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Neuro Exam 3 > Reticular Formation And Cerebellum > Flashcards

Reticular Formation And Cerebellum Flashcards

0
Q

Where do the midbrain raphe nuclei project?

A

Projects to all regions of the cortex

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1
Q

Where r the raphe nuclei located?

A

Median reticular formation

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2
Q

Where does the medullary raphe nuclei project to?

A

Spinal cord for pain suppression

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3
Q

Where does the nucleus raphe Magnus project to?

A

Dorsal horn of spinal cord

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4
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated w the raphe nuclei?

A

Serotonin

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5
Q

Where does the raphe pontine nucleus project

A

Higher brain areas ex. Cortex

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6
Q

What is the raphe spinal tract?

A
  • It’s a nerve Tract that Modulates pain transmission
  • Begins in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (midbrain)
  • Decussates at midbrain level
  • Synapses on/ projects to interneurons in laminae I, II, V of s.c.
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7
Q

What is the relationship btw the periaquiductal gray and pain control

A

The PAG inhibits incoming pain signals via the raphe spinal tract

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8
Q

What is the relationship btw the PAG and motor behavior

A

Regulates heart and respiration rates. Initiates defensive and reproductive behavior. Panic behavior

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9
Q

What is the input to the PAG

A

Ascending sensory systems, limbic system

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10
Q

What is the locus cerules

A

The brains watch tower- vigilance and attention. Alerts cortex to novel stimuli

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11
Q

Where is the locus cerulus

A

Rostral pons

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12
Q

What sends input to locus ceruleus

A

Brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, forebrain

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13
Q

What is the target of the locus ceruleus

A

Projects to entire cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated w the locus ceruleus

A

Norepinephrine

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15
Q

Where is the ventral tegmental area

A

Floor of midbrain ( mesencephalon)

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16
Q

Two tracts that arise from the ventral tegmental area

A

Mesocortical fibers- to cerebral cortex

Mesolimbic fibers- to nucleus accumbens

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17
Q

Two targets of VTA?

A

Nucleus accumbens

Entire cerebral cortex

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18
Q

VTA neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

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19
Q

What is the effect of VTA stimulation?

A

Mesocortical fibers - thinking planning

Mesolimbic fibers- emotional reward, drug dependency

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20
Q

Describe the relationship btw dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and hypothalamus

A

The ascending reticular activating system when active, inhibits the activity in the preoptica area of the hypothalamus producing wakefulness.

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21
Q

Activity in the lateral hypothalamus helps maintain….

A

State of wakefulness

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22
Q

If the preoptica area is dominant….

A

The dorsolateral pontine tegmentum is turned off and sleep is induced

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23
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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24
Q

Primary function of cerebellum?

A

Provides motor coordination

25
Q

Purkinje cells connect to

A

Cerebellar nucleus

26
Q

What structure connects the Cerebellar nucleus to the mossy fiber

A

Cerebellar peduncle

27
Q

Mossy fibers connect to

A

Granular cells

28
Q

Parallel fibers connect what two cells

A

Purkinje and granular

29
Q

Cortical connections have what three fibers?

A

Mossy, parallel, and climbing fibers

30
Q

Three major cells of basic cortical connections

A

Granular cell
Purkinje cell
Cerebellar nuclear cell

31
Q

Mossy fibers arise from

A

Spinal cord and brainstem sensory pathways

32
Q

What r granular cells

A

Excitatory cells that give rise to parallel fibers

33
Q

What cell activates granular cells

A

Mossy fibers

34
Q

Activation of granular cells produces

A

Simple spikes from purkinje cells

35
Q

Purkinje cells r inhibitory/excitatory and leave/ reside in Cerebellar cortex

A

Inhibitory, leave Cerebellar cortex

36
Q

Climbing fibers arise from

A

Inferior olive

37
Q

Climbing fibers provide

A

Excitatory input to purkinje dendrites and cause purkinje cell to produce complex spikes

38
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in cortical connections

A

GABA

39
Q

What fiber exits Cerebellar cortex and where’s it go?

A

Purkinje fibers project to Cerebellar nuclei

40
Q

Name the three peduncles that connect cerebellum w brainstem ( in or out)

A

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle- in (and out)
Middle Cerebellar peduncle- in
Superior Cerebellar peduncle- out (and in)

41
Q

What is the only sensory system that directly projects into cerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum

42
Q

What sense is carried by spinocerebellar tracts?

A

Balance

43
Q

3 physiological and anatomical subdivisions of cerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum- flocculonodular lobe
Spinocerebellum- paravermal (medial hemisphere)
Neocerebellum- lateral hemisphere

44
Q

In the CTCC Loop, purkinje cells project to what

A

Cerebellar nuclei

45
Q

In the CTCC Loop, Cerebellar nuclei project to what

A

Thalamus

46
Q

In the CTCC Loop, thalamus project to what

A

Motor cortex

47
Q

In the CTCC Loop, motor cortex project to what

A

Basilar pons

48
Q

In the CTCC Loop, basilar pons project to what

A

Mossy fibers and granular cells

49
Q

In the CTCC Loop, granular cells project to what

A

Purkinje

50
Q

In the CTCC Loop, what section r the Cerebellar signals relayed

A

Motor cortex

51
Q

Lesion of flocculonodular lobe causes

A

Nystagmus, truncal ataxia

52
Q

Lesion of vernal/ paravermal lobe causes

A

Stance and gait ataxia

53
Q

Lesion of lateral hemisphere causes

A

Involvement of arm and speech

54
Q

What is the effect of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum on sleep

A

If the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum is turned on, wakefulness dominates. If the tegmentum is switched off, sleep dominates.

55
Q

What is the effect of the hypothalamus preoptica area on sleep

A

If the preoptica area is activated, sleep dominates. If the preoptica is inhibited, wakefulness dominates.

56
Q

Raphe nuclei input

A

PAG

57
Q

Raphe nuclei output

A

Brainstem and spinal cord: pain control

Cortex: alertness and focus

58
Q

Substantia nigra input

A

Other basal ganglia

59
Q

Substantial nigra output

A

Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

Neuro Exam 3 (4 decks)

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