Retailing And Other Services

Question 1

Until recently what was the 2 tier structure

Answer 1

• the central area

- corner shops and shopping parades

Question 2

What is decentralisation

Answer 2

• in the last 30 years there has been a decentralisation of retailing and other services such as offices

Question 3

What are the three waves of decentralisation

Answer 3

1: supermarkets, superstores have been built in residential areas and town centres eg morrisons in York
2: electrical goods and DIY retail parks have expanded particularly on the edges of town
3: high order, comparison goods in large out of town shopping centres built on the edge of towns near motorway junctions

Question 4

What are the other changes in retailing

Answer 4

• online shopping
• farmers market- people sourcing local sourced food
• small food outlets in central area- Tesco metro
• petrol stations now have food retail function

Question 5

Cause of decline in some central areas

Answer 5

• high land value
• lack of room for expansion
• traffic congestion and high cost of parking
• unreliable weather for shopping
• perception that the central area is unsafe

Question 6

Cause of growth in out of town locations

Answer 6

• cheaper land and room for expansion
• increased mobility: roads and car ownership
• changing shopping habits: people buy in bulk eg food shopping so need access to car
• changing expectations: people use shopping as a leisure activity and visit out of town centres which may have fast food outlets and entertainment

Question 7

What is an out of town retraining area

Answer 7

• large shopping centres often on the edge of towns where retail and other services such as leisure facilities are in one place

Question 8

What are the characteristics of out of town retailing areas

Answer 8

• large sites- redeveloped brownfield sites or cheap farmland
• extensive car parks - often free
• links to the motorway
• access to transport interchanging- bus station, tram, railway
• linked to entertainment facilities

Question 9

Those in favour of developing

Answer 9

• great opportunities to shop without the need of travel

- creates jobs for local people

Question 10

Those against development

Answer 10

• causes an increase in traffic in the area- problems of safety pollution noise and parking on local residential streets
• 24 hour shopping means continual movement of cars

Question 11

Problems of out of town retailing areas

Answer 11

• competition with local shopping areas
• they have been blamed for inner city decline and urban blight
• contributes to urban sprawl affecting the urban rural fringe
• can cause severe congestion on nearby motorways
• socially diverse- difficult and expensive to go to

Question 12

Responses to development of out of town retailing areas

Answer 12

• redevelopment of town centres
• growth if outlet centres- large brand names sell their own goods direct to the public
• development of smaller shopping centres in the suburbs

Question 13

Characteristics of central areas

Answer 13

• highest concentration of retailing and offices
• accessible
• highest land values
• some are declining
• some are being rejuvenated

Question 14

Structure of central areas

Answer 14

• the core: high order shops and cafes

- the frame: lower order retailing

Question 15

What is an zone of assimilation

Answer 15

• where they re is growth

Question 16

What is a zone of discard

Answer 16

• where the land is declined

Question 17

What is the impact of developing out of town retailing areas

Answer 17

• redevelopment of urban central areas

-

Question 18

Which out of town retailing area had a big impact on its central area

Answer 18

• mery hill (out of town)

- Solihulls central area

Question 19

3 strategies used to revitalised central area

Answer 19

• all weathered shopping malls
• encourage 24/7 land use- cafe-culture, apartments above shops
• improve access- pedestrians