Resus Flashcards
Diastole
Part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxed (filling phase)
Hypovolaemia
Low blood volume
Hypoxia
Low oxygen levels at tissue
Primary Cardiac arrest
The cardiac arrest is clearly caused by a CARDIAC problem and no other cause
Eg= Arrhythmia (VT,VF)
Myocardial infarction (MI)
HP-CPR
Prognosis
The likely outcome of medical conditions
Pulmonary thrombosis
A blood clot that occluded the arteries of the lung
R49
Radio code for confirmed cardiac arrest
ROSC
Return of spontaneous circulation, post arrest return of observable circulation
Secondary Cardiac arrest
A Cardiac arrest with NO obvious cardiac cause
Eg asthma, drowning, trauma, poisoning (OD)
SCA
Sudden cardiac arrest
Sudden, and often unexpected, loss of cardiac output
Systole
The part of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracted( pumping phase)
Leading cause of SCA?
Cardiac diseases cause most SCA ,Coronary Artery’s disease is most prevalent
Electrical phase of cardiac arrest?
First 4 mintues of SCA, when the least amount of damage has been done to the body and treat is more likely to be successful
Circulatory phase of cardiac arrest?
4-10min after SCA, harmful amounts of Lactic acid accelerates the rate of damage and cell death, successful defibrillation relies on high quality chest compressions to delay lactic acid effect
Metabolic phase of Cardiac arrest
10min+ oxygen starts to run out cause possible brain damage cell death becomes irreversible along with the accumulation of lactic acid death is the most likely out come
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
Most encountered electrical rhythm, chaotic electrical pattern.
Implies cardiac arrest is recent
Can be shocked
Ventricular tachycardia
Can be shocked, very rapid electrical rhythm
Asystole electrical rhythm
No electrical pulse,
“Flat lining”
Can’t shock as electrical activity is absent
Pulseless electrical activity PEA
When there is a recognised electrical rhythm but no pulse with it
Why does the heart stop
- mechanical (pump) failure.
2. Electrical failure
What should you do in a primary arrest
Continuous compressions.
Use a metronome rate 110 bpm.
Only manage airway when more resources arrive.
What should you do if it’s a secondary arrest due to hypoxia
15 compression 2 breaths
Focus on breathing & reversible causes
What should you do in secondly arrest due to trauma
30 compressions 2 breaths
Focus on compressions & reversible causes
Whats AVPU
A quick response method to decide cardiac arrest
Alert/Awake-can they answer questions, are they awake
Voice- do they respond to verbal stimulus
Pain-do they respond to pain
Unresponsive- they are completely unresponsive
What’s a joule
A unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of 1 ampere is passed through a resistance of 1 ohm for 1 second
How should you defibrillate a patient
Always defibrillate at highest setting applicable to patient
How many joules should you defibrillate an adult
360 joules
How long should the pre-shock and post-shock pause be
Less than 3 seconds
