RESULTS Flashcards
What were the results of Banduras study
children exposed to aggressive models imitated their exact behaviours and were significantly more aggressive, physically and verbally than those in non aggressive model or control groups. One third of children in the aggressive condition also copied the models non aggressive verbal responses. Girls imitated more verbal aggression of the same sex model than boys. Children were more likely to imitate a same sex model. Girls played more with colouring, tea sets and dolls.
What were the results of Fagen Et Als study
It was found that the four juvenile elephants successfully learned the trunk wash, however, the adult elephant did not. Elephants 2 and 4 never passed their steady test, but were able to pass their full trunk wash tests. Elephant 5 did not pass her blow into bucket, desensitization to syringe or steady test. Some behavioural tasks were easier than others. The trunk- here task required more offers/ cues. the success rate went from 39% after 10 sessions to 89.3% after 35 sessions
What were the results of Saavedra and Silvermans study
The outcome for positive reinforcement therapy was a successful completion of the exposure tasks listed in the hierarchy of fear. One example was the boy started handling more buttons during later sessions. However, his subjective rating of fear distress increased signif between 2 and 3. So despite his behaviour towards the stimuli his feelings of fear and disgust increased. For imagery exposure therapy, it appeared to be successful in reducing the boys ratings of distress. ‘Hundreds of buttons falling over his body’ reduced from 8 to 5 to 3
what were the results of Milgrams study
Most participants believed all aspects of the situation was real; that they were delivering electric shocks to another person and that the shocks were extremely painful. The mean estimate was 13.42 out of a max 14 for 450 volts. Some participants protested at the orders with ‘i dont think i can go on with this’ Nonetheless, the verbal prods generally persuaded the ppts. After, ppts showed visible signs of relief. A small amount however, appeared calm
what were the results of Piliavins study
Overall, the recorded level of helping in this study was much higher than previously reported in laboratory studies. 78% of victims received spontaneous help and in more than 60% of cases more than one person helped. Participants were more likely to help the victim with the cane than the drunk victim, 62/65 the ill victim received help and 19/38 the drunk victim received help. In all but 3 of the cane trials that were also model trials helping occurred before the model could give assistance. 90% of helpers were male. There was minor evidence of same race helping. Black victims in the drunk condition received less help overall. Female passengers would make comments. The effect of modelling was difficult to analyse due to the helping received was spontaneous. There was some evidence of more passengers= more help
