research methods Flashcards
define ‘inter observer reliability’
this is when one action is being observed by different researchers, each with their own opinion
define ‘internal validity’
whether the design, conduct and analysis of a study all answer research questions without any bias
define ‘face validity’
a test which must seem to test what it is meant to
define ‘content validity’
the extent a test or measurement represents all aspects of the context area
define ‘concurrent validity’
compares an old test with a new one to see if they produce similar results
define ‘predictive validity’
this is when a test can predict a future outcome
define ‘external validity’
if findings from a study can be generalised to people with different characteristics
define ‘temporal validity’
when research findings successfully apply over time
define ‘inter-rater reliability’
the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate or assess the same thing
what is a laboratory experiment
experiments conducted in artificial surroundings.
what is a field experiment
experiments conducted in natural and normal environment for the ppts
what are the strengths of a lab experiment?
good control of variables, increasing validity.
casual relationships can be determined as only the iv should be affecting the dv
what are the weaknesses of a lab experiment?
artificial surroundings may make ppts behaviour unrepresentative, lowering ecological validity. ppts could respond to demand characteristics
what are the strengths of a field experiment?
ppts are likely to behave naturally so representative results. less chance of demand characteristics
what are the weaknesses of field experiments
control of variables is harder than in a laboratory experiment lowering reliability. there may be extraneous variables affecting DV. ppts may be unaware they are in an experiment, raising ethical issues
what are the 3 types of experimental designs
independent measures, repeated measures and matched pairs
what are the strengths of independent measures design
no order effects, less chance of demand characteristics, random allocation can help reduce effects of individual differences
what are the weaknesses of independent measures design
ppt variables can distort results
more ppts are needed
what are the strengths of repeated measures design
less chance of ppt variables. counterbalancing reduces order effects, uses fewer ppts.
what are the weaknesses of the repeated measures design
order effects could distort results, more prone to demand characteristics