Restrictive lung diseases Flashcards
Determine the histopathological patterns and features of indeterminate usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or an alternative diagnosis.
Predominant subpleural or paraseptal distribution of fibrosis
Histologic findings indicative of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Dense fibrosis with architectural distortion and honeycombing
Absence of features that suggest an alternative diagnosis
Histologic findings indicative of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Identify one of the most frequent and common symptoms of all DPLDs.
Shock
Fever
Hemoptysis
Dry cough and chest pain
Dry cough and chest pain
Pathophysiology is of great importance for the practice of medicine because it facilitates an understanding of the mechanisms that cause diseases. Identify the correct statement regarding the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is related to an occupational tumor caused by exposure to any type of inorganic fiber.
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, and other tissues.
Sarcoidosis is a consequence of the proliferation of micro-organisms at the alveolar level and the response against them triggered by the host.
Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by increasing inflammation and mucus (phlegm or sputum) in the airways.
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause characterized by inflammation of the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, and other tissues.
Identify the pathology that is associated with diffuse interstitial lung disease on a chest X-ray.
Pulmonary infarction
Fibrosis
Vascular malformation
Pneumonia
Fibrosis
Select the statement that best describes restrictive lung disease.
There are limited data on the epidemiology of interstitial diseases, and the data about their incidence and prevalence vary greatly.
This disease occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which usually results from disorders that promote transudation or exudation from capillaries underlying the pleura. However, it also occasionally results from a blockage or injury that causes the lymphatic vessels to drain into the pleural space.
This disease occurs due to the accumulation of air in the pleural space and can be caused by the spontaneous rupture of the weakened areas of the pleura.
This disease involves the passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung, usually from impaired swallowing and coughing. It frequently results in pneumonitis and pulmonary infection.
There are limited data on the epidemiology of interstitial diseases, and the data about their incidence and prevalence vary greatly.
A patient presents with dyspnea, PaO2 59 mm Hg while breathing air, and 65 mm Hg with 40% O2 (FiO2 0.4). The patient’s PaCO2 is 40 mm Hg. Determine the diagnosis that is the least likely for this patient.
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Atelectasis
Pneumonia
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Determine the correct statement about malignant mesotheliomas.
Patients with benign mesotheliomas may have hypoglycemia.
They are usually multifocal.
One of their common causes is erionite because it is a very carcinogenic mineral fiber used in gravel roads.
They are usually unifocal.
One of their common causes is erionite because it is a very carcinogenic mineral fiber used in gravel roads.
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease includes more than 200 entities that are classified into groups. Identify a condition that is related to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Drug-induced and radiation therapy
Pneumoconiosis
Pulmonary eosinophilia
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Determine the histopathological patterns and features of definitive usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).
Patchy involvement of lung parenchyma by fibrosis
Absence of fibroblastic foci or loose fibrosis
Fibrosis without architectural distortion
Histologic findings indicative of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Patchy involvement of lung parenchyma by fibrosis
A 55-year-old man presents for dysphonia. In his medical history, he refers to asthenia and unquantified weight loss. His chest radiograph shows an increase in density in the upper left lobe and occupation of the aortopulmonary window, and his bronchoscopy shows a paralysis of the left vocal cord with no endoscopic image suggestive of neoplasia. Determine the most likely diagnosis.
Silicosis
Sarcoidosis
Asbestosis
Lung carcinoma
Lung carcinoma
Based on the pathophysiology of diffuse parenchymal lung disease, select the correct match of the processes and causative agents.
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: aging lung
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries over time; causes: aging lung
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: infection, radiation, aspiration
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: drugs, cigarettes, and fumes
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: aging lung
Determine the factor that can be correctly diagnosed by bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy.
Fibrosis
Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity
Asbestosis
Bronchiolitis obliterans with organized pneumonia
Fibrosis
Identify the pathology that is associated with diffuse interstitial lung disease on a chest X-ray.
Bacterial abscess
Pulmonary fibrosis
Vascular malformation
Pneumonia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Identify one of the most frequent and common symptoms of all DPLDs.
Excessive sputum
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the hands or lips)
Hemoptysis
Shock
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the hands or lips)
Based on the pathophysiology of diffuse parenchymal lung disease, select the correct match of the processes and causative agents.
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: infection, radiation, aspiration
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries in a short period of time; causes: drugs, cigarettes, fumes
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries over time; causes: drugs, cigarettes, fumes
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: drugs, cigarettes, and fumes
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries in a short period of time; causes: drugs, cigarettes, fumes
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease includes more than 200 entities that are classified into groups. Identify a condition that is related to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Pneumoconiosis
Drug-induced and radiation therapy
Pulmonary eosinophilia
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Determine the most accurate statement about sarcoidosis in the elderly.
In relation to the results of bronchoalveolar lavage and of gallium scintigraphy, there are multiple differences in the elderly compared with the other age populations.
The evolution of this disease is predictable, and all cases have a spontaneous resolution.
Elderly-onset sarcoidosis(EOS) is defined as the onset of sarcoidosis in people over 65 years of age.
The less typical radiological findings include the existence of adenopathies and pulmonary micronodules of perilymphatic distribution.
Elderly-onset sarcoidosis(EOS) is defined as the onset of sarcoidosis in people over 65 years of age.
Determine an incorrect statement about benign mesotheliomas.
They are usually related to asbestos exposure.
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is common in patients with benign mesotheliomas.
Patients with benign mesotheliomas may have hypoglycemia.
They are usually multifocal.
They are usually related to asbestos exposure.
Identify a restrictive pathological condition that must be referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program.
COPD
Conditions of the thoracic wall
Cystic fibrosis
Diffuse bronchiectasis
Conditions of the thoracic wall
Identify the spirometry alteration that does not indicate an obstructive bronchial pathology.
Increase in pulmonary residual volume
Depression of the FEF25–75%
Decrease in vital capacity
Decrease in total lung capacity
Decrease in total lung capacity
Determine the correct statement about malignant mesotheliomas.
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is common in patients with benign mesotheliomas.
They are usually multifocal.
They are usually unifocal.
They are usually related to asbestos exposure.
They are usually related to asbestos exposure.
A patient who is a former smoker and was previously diagnosed with COPD presents to the office. Upon physical examination, the existence of digital clubbing of recent appearance is detected. Identify the most acceptable explanation for this finding in the clinical context described.
Malignancy
Bronchiectasis
Cyanotic heart disease
Tuberculosis
Malignancy
Identify the spirometry alteration that does not indicate an obstructive bronchial pathology.
FVC reduced (<80% of the predicted normal)
Depression of the FEF25–75%
Increase in pulmonary residual volume
Decrease in FEV 1/FVC ratio
FVC reduced (<80% of the predicted normal)
Identify the pathology that is associated with diffuse interstitial lung disease on a chest X-ray.
Pneumonia
Bacterial abscess
Pulmonary infarction
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Determine the histopathological patterns and features of indeterminate usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or an alternative diagnosis.
Fibrosis without architectural distortion
Absence of features that suggest an alternative diagnosis
Dense fibrosis with architectural distortion and honeycombing
Patchy involvement of lung parenchyma by fibrosis
Fibrosis without architectural distortion
Determine the histopathological patterns and features of definitive usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).
Absence of features that suggest an alternative diagnosis
Histologic findings indicative of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Fibrosis without architectural distortion
Absence of fibroblastic foci or loose fibrosis
Absence of features that suggest an alternative diagnosis
Pathophysiology is of great importance for the practice of medicine because it facilitates an understanding of the mechanisms that cause diseases. Identify the correct statement regarding the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is a consequence of the proliferation of micro-organisms at the alveolar level and the response against them triggered by the host.
Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by increasing inflammation and mucus (phlegm or sputum) in the airways.
In sarcoidosis, a certain inflammation usually decreases within days alongside the harmful element. Inflammation decrease that does not occur in people with sarcoidosis, due to a group of cells of the immune system, which form masses called granulomasin different organs of the body.
The carcinogenicity of sarcoidosis is given because inhaled fibers cannot be eliminated by macrophages and travel to the pleura via the lymphatic route, where they produce a persistent inflammatory reaction.
In sarcoidosis, a certain inflammation usually decreases within days alongside the harmful element. Inflammation decrease that does not occur in people with sarcoidosis, due to a group of cells of the immune system, which form masses called granulomasin different organs of the body.
A 75-year-old man is evaluated for a year’s history of cough and dyspnea. He has no other medical problems and does not take medications. He has smoked 40 packs of cigarettes a year for 40 years. He has no animals at home. He has worked in a bank branch. Upon physical examination, his blood pressure is 135/75 mm Hg, pulse 88 bpm, respiratory rate 24 rpm, and SpO2 88% while breathing ambient air. He has no jugular distention. Cardiac auscultation is normal. Upon pulmonary auscultation, bilateral inspiratory crackles are heard on bases. Patient has finger clubbing. No edema in lower limbs. Respiratory function tests are performed, showing a decrease in FEV1 (57% of predicted), a decrease in FVC (67% of predicted), an FEV1/FVC ratio 0.91, and a decrease in diffusion capacity (42 % of predicted). The thoracic CT scan is shown in the following image:
Determine the most likely diagnosis.
Fibrotic diseases of the lungs
Peeling pneumonitis
COPD with bronchitis
Lung cancer
Fibrotic diseases of the lungs
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease includes more than 200 entities that are classified into groups. Identify a condition that is related to idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Sarcoidosis
Pulmonary eosinophilia
Peeling interstitial pneumonia
Pneumoconiosis
Peeling interstitial pneumonia
Pathophysiology is of great importance for the practice of medicine because it facilitates an understanding of the mechanisms that cause diseases. Identify the correct statement regarding the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is related to an occupational tumor caused by exposure to any type of inorganic fiber.
Special cells release chemicals that in turn attract other cells, which try to isolate and destroy the substance that causes the damage.
Sarcoidosis is a consequence of the proliferation of micro-organisms at the alveolar level and the response against them triggered by the host.
The carcinogenicity of sarcoidosis is given because inhaled fibers cannot be eliminated by macrophages and travel to the pleura via the lymphatic route, where they produce a persistent inflammatory reaction.
Special cells release chemicals that in turn attract other cells, which try to isolate and destroy the substance that causes the damage.
A 55-year-old man presents for dysphonia. In his medical history, he refers to asthenia and unquantified weight loss. His chest radiograph shows an increase in density in the upper left lobe and occupation of the aortopulmonary window, and his bronchoscopy shows a paralysis of the left vocal cord with no endoscopic image suggestive of neoplasia. Determine the most likely diagnosis.
Tuberculosis
Silicosis
Sarcoidosis
Lung cancer
Lung cancer
Identify a restrictive pathological condition that must be referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program.
COPD
Ankylosing spondylitis
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Identify one of the most frequent and common symptoms of all DPLDs.
Hemoptysis
Excessive sputum
Fever
Fatigue or asthenia
Fatigue or asthenia
Based on the pathophysiology of diffuse parenchymal lung disease, select the correct match of the processes and causative agents.
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries in a short period of time; causes: drugs, cigarettes, fumes
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: genetic factors, autoimmune disease
Process: harmful stimuli to the lung that produce microscopic lung injuries over time; causes: aging lung
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: infection, radiation, aspiration
Process: host factors that result in aberrant healing; causes: genetic factors, autoimmune disease
Select the statement that best describes restrictive lung disease.
This disease occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which usually results from disorders that promote transudation or exudation from capillaries underlying the pleura. However, it also occasionally results from a blockage or injury that causes the lymphatic vessels to drain into the pleural space.
This disease can also be called diffuse parenchymal lung disease(DPLD).
This disease involves the passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung, usually from impaired swallowing and coughing. It frequently results in pneumonitis and pulmonary infection.
This disease occurs due to the presence of pus in the pleural space (infected pleural effusion). The source of the pus is usually lymphatic drainage from sites of bacterial pneumonia.
This disease can also be called diffuse parenchymal lung disease(DPLD).
