Restrictive Lung Diseases

Question 1

Definition of restrictive lung disease

Answer 1

Decreased lung volumes with absence of airflow obstruction

Question 2

Most common parenchymal restrictive lung disease

Answer 2

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 3

Definition of interstitial lung disease

Answer 3

Inflammatory process that causes too much connective tissue growth in alveolar walls

Question 4

Features of ILD

Answer 4

Thickened alveolar walls, reduced volume, less surface area, normal airflow

Question 5

Hypoxemia of ILD is due to:

Answer 5

V/Q mismatch

Question 6

Pathophysiology of ILD includes

Answer 6

Hypoxemia, hypocapnea, widened A-a gradient, and exercised-induced hypoxemia

Question 7

Common symptoms of ILD

Answer 7

Dyspnea, cough, chest pain

Question 8

What does clubbing of the fingernails signify?

Answer 8

Lung fibrosis

Question 9

Common signs of ILD

Answer 9

Tachypnea, crackles, clubbing, cor-pulmonale (late), cyanosis (late)

Question 10

Earliest pathological sign of ILD

Answer 10

Ground glass; treatable

Question 11

Late pathological sign of ILD

Answer 11

Honeycomb; irreversible

Question 12

Diagnosis of ILD

Answer 12

Imaging, PFTs, BAL, and lung biopsies

Question 13

Extra-parenchymal disorders:

Answer 13

Pleural diseases: mesothelioma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax; chest wall diseases: kyphoscoliosis; neuromuscular disorders