Cough Suppressants, Decongestions, Mucolytics Flashcards
MOA of Dextromethorphan
Suppresses cough reflex by acting in the cough center in the medulla of the brain
Side effects of DXM
Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, excitability, light headedness and trouble sleeping (just like alcohol)
Contraindications of DXM
Individuals on monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants; serotonin syndrome
MOA of Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine - H1 receptor antagonist; suppress cough by acting directly on cough center
Side effects of Diphenhydramine
Drowsiness, respiratory depression, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation (everything is stopped up and dry!)
MOA of codeine
Opioid analgesic and antitussive that acts on mu receptors
Side effects of codeine
Constipation, sedation, histamine release, vasodilation, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
Contraindications of codeine
Hypersensitivity, labor of premature birth, pregnancy cat C, sedatives, resp. depression, asthma, COPD
MOA of Camphor and Menthol
Act on the TRPM8 receptors to produce cool feeling
MOA of Guaifenesin
Loosens and thins secretions from lower respiratory tract; used for chest congestions
Side effects of Guaifenesin
Dizziness, dry mouth, rash, diarrhea, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, uric acid nephrolithiasis (watery secretions from everywhere)
MOA of pseudoephedrine
Releases NE; acts directly on adrenergic receptors
Side effects of pseudoephedrine
Increase BP (reflex bradycardia), tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, tremors, hallucinations
MOA of bland aerosols
Dilution of mucus; can be sterile water or saline solutinos
3 Expectorants
Iodides, Guiafenesin, Bromohexin
MOA of N-acetyl cysteine, Acetadote, Erdosteine, and carbocysteine
Breaks the cystine bonds (the name has something to do with cysteine for all of these)
Side effects of mucolytics
Bronchospasm, problem with asthma, increased mucous production; do not mix with antibiotics
MOA of Sodium Bicarbonate
Increase pH of mucus and weakening carbohydrate side chains
MOA of Dornase Alfa
Breaks down extracellular DNA during an infection thereby reducing viscosity of secretions; used in CF patients or chronic bronchitis
Contraindications of Dornase Alfa
Patients hypersensitive to Chinese Hamster Ovary cell products
Side effects of Dornase Alfa
Voice changes, pharyngitis, rash, chest pain, conjuctivitis
MOA of amilodride
Na channel blocker for CF patients; blocking Na reabsoprtion prevents drying of mucus
MOA of Denufosol Tetrasodium
Enhances mucosal hydration and mucus clearance by activating Cl- secretion; inhibit Na transport; Tx for CF