Cough Suppressants, Decongestions, Mucolytics

Question 1

MOA of Dextromethorphan

Answer 1

Suppresses cough reflex by acting in the cough center in the medulla of the brain

Question 2

Side effects of DXM

Answer 2

Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, excitability, light headedness and trouble sleeping (just like alcohol)

Question 3

Contraindications of DXM

Answer 3

Individuals on monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants; serotonin syndrome

Question 4

MOA of Diphenhydramine

Answer 4

Antihistamine - H1 receptor antagonist; suppress cough by acting directly on cough center

Question 5

Side effects of Diphenhydramine

Answer 5

Drowsiness, respiratory depression, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation (everything is stopped up and dry!)

Question 6

MOA of codeine

Answer 6

Opioid analgesic and antitussive that acts on mu receptors

Question 7

Side effects of codeine

Answer 7

Constipation, sedation, histamine release, vasodilation, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness

Question 8

Contraindications of codeine

Answer 8

Hypersensitivity, labor of premature birth, pregnancy cat C, sedatives, resp. depression, asthma, COPD

Question 9

MOA of Camphor and Menthol

Answer 9

Act on the TRPM8 receptors to produce cool feeling

Question 10

MOA of Guaifenesin

Answer 10

Loosens and thins secretions from lower respiratory tract; used for chest congestions

Question 11

Side effects of Guaifenesin

Answer 11

Dizziness, dry mouth, rash, diarrhea, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, uric acid nephrolithiasis (watery secretions from everywhere)

Question 12

MOA of pseudoephedrine

Answer 12

Releases NE; acts directly on adrenergic receptors

Question 13

Side effects of pseudoephedrine

Answer 13

Increase BP (reflex bradycardia), tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, tremors, hallucinations

Question 14

MOA of bland aerosols

Answer 14

Dilution of mucus; can be sterile water or saline solutinos

Question 15

3 Expectorants

Answer 15

Iodides, Guiafenesin, Bromohexin

Question 16

MOA of N-acetyl cysteine, Acetadote, Erdosteine, and carbocysteine

Answer 16

Breaks the cystine bonds (the name has something to do with cysteine for all of these)

Question 17

Side effects of mucolytics

Answer 17

Bronchospasm, problem with asthma, increased mucous production; do not mix with antibiotics

Question 18

MOA of Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 18

Increase pH of mucus and weakening carbohydrate side chains

Question 19

MOA of Dornase Alfa

Answer 19

Breaks down extracellular DNA during an infection thereby reducing viscosity of secretions; used in CF patients or chronic bronchitis

Question 20

Contraindications of Dornase Alfa

Answer 20

Patients hypersensitive to Chinese Hamster Ovary cell products

Question 21

Side effects of Dornase Alfa

Answer 21

Voice changes, pharyngitis, rash, chest pain, conjuctivitis

Question 22

MOA of amilodride

Answer 22

Na channel blocker for CF patients; blocking Na reabsoprtion prevents drying of mucus

Question 23

MOA of Denufosol Tetrasodium

Answer 23

Enhances mucosal hydration and mucus clearance by activating Cl- secretion; inhibit Na transport; Tx for CF