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Pathophys > Restrictive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Restrictive lung disease effect on residual volume:

A

Decrease residual volume

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2
Q

Restrictive lung disease effect on total lung capacity:

A

Decrease

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3
Q

Restrictive lung disease effect on forced vital capacity:

A

Decrease

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4
Q

Restrictive lung disease effect on inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

Decrease

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5
Q

What is restrictive lung disease?

A

Reduced lung volumes and decreased compliance (less air moved & more work done)

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6
Q

With inadequate alveolar ventilation in Restrictive lung disease what happens to O2 to tissues?

A

Hypoxemia 20 to inadequate alveolar ventilation (older air = less O2 to tissues)

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7
Q

How do you medically manage restrictive lung disease? (2)

A
  1. Symptom management

2. Corticosteroids

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8
Q

How do you treat restrictive lung disease?

A
  1. Insuring adequate oxygenation (ventilator), maintaining an airway, and obtaining maximal physical function
  2. Surgical modification of MS deformities
  3. Heart-lung transplants
  4. Most cases not reversible
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9
Q

What is the restrictive lung disease pneumoconiosis? What does is result in?

A
  • Chronic interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage the lungs.
  • It is often called an occupational lung disease.
  • Results in interstitial fibrosis (inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium)
  • Blood vessel and alveolar damage-become thicker and stiffer
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10
Q

Pneumoconiosis Signs and Symptoms?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Phlegm
  3. SOB contributing to reduced physical functional capacity
  4. Progressive respiratory failure
  5. Lung cancer
  6. TB
  7. Heart failure (cor pulmonale)
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11
Q

Examples of Pneumoconiosis:

A

Black Lung disease (coal dust)
Brown Lung disease (agricultural dust)
Asbestoses (asbestosis)
Silicosis (silica)

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12
Q

Treatment for restrictive chronic interstitial lung disease Pneumoconiosis?

A
  1. Medications:
    - Theophylline (beta2 agonist - relax bronchial smooth muscles)
    - Oral or inhaled sympthomemetics (stimulates the sympathetic NS and opens up the bronchioles
    - Corticosteroids
    - Inhalable cromolyn sodium (inhibits immune response)
  2. Chest physiology - Mobilize and remove secretions
  3. Exercise
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13
Q

Describe honeycomb lung:

A
  • Wide spread fibrous

- Dilated and thickened terminal and respiratory bronchioles

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14
Q

What is pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Refers to a variety of disorders in which ongoing epithelial damage or chronic inflammation of lung tissue leads to progressive scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs resulting in respiratory failure

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15
Q

What environmental, genetic, and age factors that lead to pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  1. Environmental factors - Cigarette smoking
  2. Genetic factors - Smoking + gene variants
  3. Age - Rarely occurs in individuals under the age of 50
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16
Q

Describe how pulmonary fibrosis can be both idiopathic or caused by scar tissue from recovery or other active disease -

A
  1. Idiopathic - accounts for 66% of all cases

2. Scar tissue resulting from recovery from active disease (TB, ARDS, RA, Chemo)

17
Q

Describe the clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis:

A
  • Begins insidiously with gradual increasing dyspnea on exertion and dry cough
  • Unpredictable progression
  • Hypoxemia, cyanosis and clubbing (decreased O2 to tissues)
  • Median survival rate - 3 yrs after dx
18
Q

What is the only definitive therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Lung transplantation

19
Q

What are Restrictive Lung DiseaseChest Wall Disorders? (Give examples)

A

decrease expansion of lungs -> decreased inspiratory reserve vl goes down

  1. Neuromuscular (ALS, polio, Guillain-Barre)
  2. Skeletal deformities (scoliosis, chest wall injury)
  3. Postsurgical status (abdominal/thoracic)
  4. Obesity
  5. Collagen vascular diseases (RA, systemic lupus, scleroderma)
20
Q

What is systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)?

A

An autoimmune disease of connective tissue characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the skin and internal organs, particularly the kidneys and lungs

21
Q

systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) causes organ damage by what 3 mechanisms?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Severe thickening and obstruction of vessels (Cor pulmonale; pulmonary hypertension)
  3. Cutaneous fibrosis occurs
22
Q

RA and pulmonary involvement:

A
  • 30-40% have pulmonary involvement
  • Chronic pleuritis, pneumonitis & fibrosis, pulmonary HTN
  • Screen for pulmonary function
23
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus or SLE)?

A

autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs

24
Q

Systemic Lupus erythematosus (lupus or SLE) and pulmonary involvement:

A
  • About 50% of people with SLE will experience lung involvement during the course of their disease.
  • Most distinctive sign of lupus — a facial rash that resembles the wings of a butterfly unfolding across both cheeks
25
Q

What is acute lupus pneumonitis?

A
  • Pneumonitis: a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue. A term usually used to refer to noninfectious causes of lung inflammation
  • Is a serious condition requiring immediate attention
  • Can cause lung scarring
26
Q

What is chronic fibrotic lupus pneumonitis? Results in what?

A
  • Long term pneumonitis
  • Slowly developing
  • Results in scarring
  • Pulmonary hypertension
27
Q

T/F SLE is a potential multi-system pathology. (explain)

A

True:

  1. Kidney failure
  2. CNS involvement- cognitive changes
  3. Blood and Blood vessels- Anemia and/or inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis)
  4. Heart: Pericarditis-inflammation of your heart muscle, your arteries or heart membrane
28
Q

Chest wall trauma or lung injury that causes restrictive lung disease?

A
  1. Blunt force trauma
  2. Rib and/or sternal injuries including broken ribs (flail chest)
  3. Surgical injury: thoracotomy – gain access to underlying organs/lungs by going through external/internal intercostals
29
Q

T/F Authors classify CF as a restrictive lung disease

but an argument can be made that it is an obstructive lung pathology.

A

True

Pathophys (16 decks)

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