Restrictive Lung Disease

Question 1

During the 3rd trimester, pregnancy has what effect on the diaphragm, causing a decrease in what lung volume?

Answer 1

Decreased downward excursion of diaphragm causing a decreased in ERV and increased breathing work

Question 2

What hormone level is increased during pregnancy causing an increase in ventilator drive?

Answer 2

Progesterone

Question 3

Shortness of breath can also be defined as:

Answer 3

Dyspnea

Question 4

T/F: High levels of oxygen for greater than 1 day can lead to interstitial lung disease

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Increased muscle tone in and around an incision following surgery is defined as ______

Answer 5

Muscle splinting

Question 6

What traumatic causes can lead to restrictive lung disease?

Answer 6

Crush injuries: rib fracture, lung contusion, frailty
Penetrating wounds: pneumothorax, hemothorax
Pulmonary laceration: pneumo and hemo
Thermal trauma- inhalation injuries, direct burn to thorax

Question 7

Define hemothorax

Answer 7

entry of blood in pleural space

leads to VQ mismatch, decrease lung compliance, atelectasis

Question 8

Define pneumothorax

Answer 8

entry of air into pleural space

leads to decreased lung volumes, VQ mismatch, impaired gas exchange

Question 9

Autoimmune disease affecting both the kidneys and the lungs in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue. Hemoptysis the most common symptom

Answer 9

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 10

Sternum protrudes ant, d/t childhood asthma and septal heart defects

a. Kyphoscoliosis
b. Pectus excavatum
c. Pectus carinatum

Answer 10

Pectus Carniatum

There will be no pulmonary compromise

Question 11

Congenital, caved in sternum, respiratory s/s uncommon

Answer 11

Pectus excavatum

Question 12

Kyphoscoliosis will increase or decrease dynamic lung volumes and capacities?

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

Kyphoscoliosis patient will have ____ and _____ with a curve >120 degrees.

a. chronic alveolar hyperventilation, pulmonary hypotention
b. chronic alveolar hypoventilation, pulmonary hypertention

Answer 13

b. carbon monoxide will be abnormal

Question 14

T/F: Ankylosing Spondylitis will have pleuritic chest pain but normal ABGs

Answer 14

True: commonly has decreased VC, IC and increased RR and FRC

Question 15

Progressive degenerative myopathy common in boys starting in pelvic girdle and progressing to shoulders. Will have waddling gait, toe walking, frequent falls.

Answer 15

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

muscular hypertrophy and necrosis with regeneration

Question 16

A common cause of death within Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients is: ___________

Answer 16

respiratory failure

Question 17

Disease in which autoimmune system attacks ACH receptors at neuromuscular junction

Answer 17

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 18

Muscular Dystrophy will have increased or decreased lung volumes?

Answer 18

Decreased

Question 19

Myasthenia Gravis will have increased or decreased lung volumes?

Answer 19

Decreased, and decreased breath sounds

Question 20

Demyelinating disease of motor nerous of peripheral nerves

Answer 20

GBS

Question 21

T/F GBS patients may develop respiratory failure

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F GBS patients will have decreased lung volumes

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Poliomyelitis may have decreased lung volumes and may cause paralysis of _____

Answer 23

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 24

ALS patients often die from _____

Answer 24

acute respiratory failure

Question 25

__________: a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung — develops when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated. It's a breathing (respiratory) complication after surgery

Answer 25

Atelectasis

Question 26

With paradoxical breathing the diaphragm is ____ and the accessory muscles are ____ Options: weak or strong

Answer 26

Diaphragm is strong, accessories are weak or absent

Question 27

Patient presents with decreased lung volumes, respiratory alkalosis, cough with pink frothy sputum. What might they have? a. pulmonary emboli b. DVT c. pulmonary edema d. pulmonary HTN

Answer 27

pulmonary edema

Question 28

Inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma that begins as an infection within the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 28

Pneumonia

Question 29

How can you get pneumonia?

Answer 29

Inhalation, aspiration

Question 30

Bacterial and viral pneumonia will both have dyspnea, fever, and tachypnea. Which one will have a productive cough and which will have a nonproductive cough?`

Answer 30

Productive- bacterial | Viral- non-productive

Question 31

What are major areas of the body for primary lung metastasis?

Answer 31

Pleura, lymph, bone, brain, kidney, liver

Question 32

What is the major cause of primary lung metastasis?

Answer 32

Smoking

Question 33

Excess fluid builds around the lung in the pleural space a. pleural effusion b. pleurisy c. atelectasis

Answer 33

a

Question 34

Inflammation of visceral and parietal pleurae with abnormal lubrication fluid between the two layers a. pleural effusion b. pleurisy with effusion c. atelectasis

Answer 34

b

Question 35

Inflammation that affects multiple parts of the body, commonly the lungs a. atelectasis b. sarcoidosis c. neoplasms

Answer 35

b

Question 36

Lung diesease from inhaling fibers causing inflammation and scarring a. pneumotitis b. asbestosis c. sarcoidosis

Answer 36

b

Question 37

Hyaline membrane disease from lack of complete maturation of lungs in infants <36 weeks of gestation secondary to inadequate surfactant production

Answer 37

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 38

Respiratory distress syndrome can lead to this chronic syndrome in neonates

Answer 38

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/ pulmonary fibroplasia/ventilator lung

Question 39

After 20 years of age, lung compliance decreases by what percent in next 40 years?

Answer 39

20%

Question 40

★ Name the 3 hallmark signs of RLD?

Answer 40

Dyspnea, Non-productive cough, weight

Question 41

★ RLD patients will have difficulty with inspiration or expiration?

Answer 41

Inspiration

Question 42

★ RLD patients will have hypoxemia or hyperoxemia?

Answer 42

hypoxemia

Question 43

★RLD patients will have tachypnea or bradypnea?

Answer 43

Tachypnea

Question 44

★RLD patients will have increased or decreased breath sounds?

Answer 44

Decreased

Question 45

★RLD patients will have increased or decreased lung volumes?

Answer 45

Decreased

Question 46

★RLD patients will have increased or decreased lung capactities and diffusing capacity?

Answer 46

Decreased

Question 47

★T/F: all lung volumes will be decreased with RLD

Answer 47

True

Question 48

★T/F RLD patients will have difficulty with lung expansion and will have stiff lungs resistant to expansion

Answer 48

True

Question 49

★T/F Common s/s of RLD are cor pulmonale(RV heart failure and pulmonary hypertension

Answer 49

True

Question 50

★What two anatomical features are affected with RLD?

Answer 50

Lunch parenchyma and the thoracic pump

Question 51

What are the treatment options for Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 51

PEEP AND CPAP | Will decrease pulmonary HTN, hypoxemia and alveolar collapse

Question 52

procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This procedure is done to remove excess fluid

Answer 52

thoracentesis

Question 53

Normal amunt of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 53

10-25mL