Cardiac Surgery Flashcards
Thoracic surgical complications commonly include all of the following except:
a. respiratory failure
b. arrhythmias
c. shoulder pain
d. kidney failure
d. kidney failure is not a common complication
The most common complication of thoracic surgery for cardiac patients is:
a. respiratory complications
b. cardiac complications
c. shoulder complications
A.
Why would shoulder pain be a common complication of thoracic surgery for cardiopulmonary patients?
Primarily referred pain of diaphragmatic irritation transmitted by phrenic nerve afferent
When is a coronary artery bypass graft indicated?
When 3 or more vessels are severely obstructed
Which of the following 2 veins/arteries are utilized for CABG: A. femoral artery B. saphenous vein C. subclavian artery D. internal mammary artery E. internal carotid
B and D
Which of the following 2 veins/arteries are utilized for CABG: A. femoral artery B. saphenous vein C. subclavian artery D. internal mammary artery E. internal carotid
B and D
The following are indications for carotid endarectomy except:
a. symptomatic pt, >70% carotid artery stenosis
b. 3 or more vessels occluded
c. symptomatic pt, 50-69% stenosis of carotid artery
d. asymptomatic pt with stenosis of 60% of greater
b
T/F a common risk factor of thoracic aortic aneurysms is hypertension?
False, hypotension
An aneurysm of ___ cm or greater, rapid enlargment, or sudden change in pain is indicative of surgery
5
T/F Claudication pain within a pt with peripheral vascular disease indicates better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations
True, strongest predictor of a successful outcome
During peripheral vascular surgery(surgical bypass and arterial reconstruction) all of the following vessels may be used except:
a. femoral-popliteal
b. aortofemoral
c. infrapopliteal
d. caroto-aortic
e. axillobifemoral
d
T/F a pacemaker can only be placed in the left portion of the upper chest
False, left or right
Epicardial leads are attached to the____ atrium or the ____ ventricle
a. right, right
b. left, left
c. right or left, right or left
d. right, right or left
d
T/F a pt with a pacemaker should not foward flex
False
T/F all pacemakers have a built in defibrillator
False, separate device used to crrect life-threatening arrythmias
T/F a defibrillator must always be paired with a pace maker
False
Drainage tubes post op are most likely placed where?
a. chest wall
b. stomach
c. esophagus
d. trachea
a. right through intercostal spaces
Drainage tubes post op are most likely placed where?
a. chest wall
b. stomach
c. esophagus
d. trachea
a. right through intercostal spaces
Pt with <30% of LVEF are at increased risk of:
a. hypotension
b. cardiac event
c. sudden death
c
Best option
Majority of heart transplantation a performed secondary to:
a. CAD
b. myocardial damage
c. cardiomyopathy
d. all of the above
D
Majority of lung transplantation are performed secondary to
a. chronic bronchitis
b. emphysema
b
T/F preoperative rehab for heart transplants should include 30-40 minutes of exercises 3-5 times per week at 70% HR max
False: minimal levels of exertion and ADLS. still able to perform ther ex but at a lower level. Often have left ventricular assist device to bridge pt to transplant
Implantable electrically powered device that provides permanent support of systemic circulation:
a. pace makers
b. defibrillator
c. left ventricular assist device(LVAD)
c. also a BiVAD for both ventricles
Fatigue resistant skeletal muscle wrapped around pt’s heart and stimulated electrically
a. LVAD
b. BiVad
c. cardiomyoplasty
c
Device used when <2 years life expectancy and when pt is not a candidate for heart transplant:
a. LVAD
b. BiVAD
c. Destination VAD
C
LVAD/BiVAD typically used when pt is waiting for heart transplant to increase perfusion and circulation
What device is used to bridge a patient to their heart transplant?
a. LVAD
b. Destination VAD
c. Cardiomyoplasty
A. Keeps patient alive until heart transplant, last resort after pharmaceuticals etc
Accessory pump that improves tissue perfusion and maintains cardiogenic circulation:
a. destination VAD
b. LVAD
c. pacemaker
B(left ventricular assist device)
Piggyback method of cardiac transplant. Donor heart connected to host heart via right/left atria:
a. orthotopic heart transplant
b. heterotopic
c. biartial
b
Connects your atria to someone elses
Complete excision of the recipient atria with complete atrioventricular transplantation, bicaval and pulmonary venous anatomoses
a. heterotropic
b. orthotopic
c. biatrial
b.
Basically cut your atrias and ventricles off and give you someone elses
Complete transplant
Donor and recipient atrial cuffs are sewn together with biatrial anatomoses:
a. biatrial
b. heterotropic
c. orthotopic
a
The following 2 procedures leave the recipient SA node intact, and denervates the donor SA
a. orthotopic
b. biatrial
c. heterotopic
a and b
will see two seprate P waves on ECG
Majority of medications following cardiac transplant surgery will be:
a. beta blockers
b. calcium channel blockers
c. anticoagulants
d. immunosuppressive
d.
Induction therapy: strong dose of immunosuppressives to reduce rejection
