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Cardiopulmonary > Obstructive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Patient with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease will have difficulty inhaling or exhaling?

A

Exhaling

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2
Q

What are the 2 most common S/S of Obstructive Lung Disease?

A

Dyspnea upon exertion and a productive cough

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3
Q

What is the 3rd most deadliest disease?

A

COPD

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4
Q

What are the 2 primary causes of Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Inhalation(smoking)

Genetics(affects surfactant and integrity of alveolar sac).. inherited a1-antitrypsin deficiency

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5
Q

T/F: All persons, smoking or non, will experiences a decrease in FEV1?

A

True

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6
Q

T/F a patient with COPD who quits smoking can experience a FEV1 decline that parallels a non-smoking, age matched person

A

True

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7
Q

Place the following terms in order based off the process of obstructive airway diseases:

  1. obstruction
  2. irritant
  3. inflammation
  4. infection
  5. elastic recoil destroyed
A

Irritant->inhalation leads to airway and alveolar inflammatory response, continues as long as irritant is present, long exposure will cause irreversible damage
Infection->speeds process
Inflammation->starts in small airways of lungs, breaks down elastin and connective tisssue, leads to hyperplasia and mucus secretion
Obstruction->hypersecretion of mucus, mucus plugging, edema, increased reactivity and eventual bronchial fibrosis and destruction of terminal airways
Elastic recoil destroyed

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8
Q

Obstructive lung disease will cause lung hypoinflation or hyperinflation?

A

Hyperinflation

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9
Q

What is the gold standard of hyperinflation of the lungs and its gas exchanging capabilities?

A

ABG

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10
Q

Decreased bucket handle action at the ribs would indicate _____ angled ribs ____degrees

  • horizontal or vertical
  • <90 degrees or >90 degrees
A

horizontal ribs >90 degrees

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11
Q

Elevation of the shoulder girdle that occurs with lung hyperinflation is caused by?

A

Accessory muscles being used for ventilation instead of the diaphragm

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12
Q

During hyperinflation the diaphragm will take on what shape?

A

Low, flattened shape

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13
Q

Common s/s of lung hyperinflation include:

A

elevation of the shoulder girdle
horizontal ribs
barrel shaped thorax
low flattened diaphragm

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14
Q

Name that dyfunction:
Expiration: mucous plugs and narrowed airways cause air trapping and hyperinflation on expiration, decreased elastic recoil of bronchial walls results in collapse of airways and prevents normal expiatory airflow

Inspiration: airways pulled open, allowing gas to flow past the obstruction

A

COPD

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15
Q

What posture does a COPD patient take on?

A

Forward leaning posture

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16
Q

COPD patients would have cyanosis or flushin?

A

Cynosis and clubbing

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17
Q

COPD patients would have increased or decreased breath sounds and increased or decreased CO2?

A

Decreased breath sounds, increased CO2, decreased O2

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18
Q

What long volumes(2) and ratio would prominently be affected by COPD?

A

FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio

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19
Q

How could a flatted diaphragm from lung hyperinflation cause pelvic and/or bladder issues

A

Increased pressure causes incontinence

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20
Q

Muscle composition for COPD patients would change to what type of fiber?

A

Type II fast twitch

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21
Q

How many stages of COPD are there?

A

4

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22
Q

Chronic respiratory failure is considered anything less than what percent of the FEV1/FEVC?

A

50%

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23
Q

The stages of COPD look at what ratio to define respiratory failure and what lung volume?

A

FEV1/FVC

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24
Q

FEV1/FVC must be less than what to be considered mild, moderate or severe?

A
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25
Q

The degree of severity of COPD is dependent of FEV1/FVC or the lung volume FEV1?

A

FEV1

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26
Q

A patient has an FEV1 of 83%, what stage would she fall under?

A

Stage 1: mild, with or without chronic symptoms. Cough and sputum
FEV1>80%

27
Q

A patient has a FEV1 of 65%, what stage does he fall under?

A

Stage 2: moderate, SOB with exertion, chronic cough, sputum

FEV1: 50-80%

28
Q

A patient has a FEV1 of 35%, what stage does she fall under?

A

Stage 3: severe, decreases exercises capacity, chronic cough, sputum, SOB
FEV1: 30-50%

29
Q

A patient has a FEV1 of 25%, what stage does he fall under?

A

Stage 4: very severe, decreased QOL, life threatening, right heart failure, weight loss
FEV1<30 OR <50% with chronic respiratory failure

30
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing COPD?

A

Spirometry

31
Q

T/F: Obstructive disease: delayed and incomplete emptying of lung during exhalation

A

True

32
Q

Define FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 sec

33
Q

What is a normal FEV1/FVC ration?

A

> 75%

34
Q

What is a normal FEV1?

A

90%

35
Q

What lung volume will be decreased with COPD?

A

FEV1

36
Q

What two lung volumes will be increased with COPD?

A

TLC and RV

37
Q

What ratio will be decreased with COPD concerning lung volumes?

A

FEV1/FVC

38
Q

Destruction of alveolar walls and enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles

A

Emphysema

39
Q

What is a major cause of emphysema?

A

Smoking

40
Q

Presence of chronic productive cough for 3 mo in 2 successive years
Hypersecretion of mucus begins in large airways and progress to smaller airways

A

Chronic bronchitis

41
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: excessive body fluids

A

bronchitis

42
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: chronic cough

A

bronchitis

43
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: cyanosis

A

bronchitis

44
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: pursed lip breathing

A

emphysema

45
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: minimal cough

A

emphysema

46
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: forward leaning

A

emphysema

47
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: blue bloater

A

bronchitis

48
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: pink puffer

A

emphysema

49
Q

Emphysema vs chronic bronchitis: use accessory muscles

A

emphysema

50
Q

Exhalation >___ seconds in abnormal

A

4

51
Q

Emphysema: pink puffer or blue bloater?

A

Pink puffer: skinny, use acessory muscles to breath with pursed lips while forward leaning, minimal cough, SOB later

52
Q

Chronic bronchitis: pink puffer or blue bloater

A

Blue bloater: fat, excess body fluids causing productive cough and SOB, cynosis

53
Q

On the Body mass Obstruction Dyspnea Exercises Index what is a score associated with high mortality?

A

7-10

54
Q

End stage COPD is commonly found in conjunction with left or right heart failure?

A

Right, increased pressure causing pulmonary hypertension

55
Q

What is the single most effective intervention for COPD?

A

Cessation of smoking

56
Q

Abnormal dilation of bronchi and excessive sputum production

A

bronchiestasis: Dilation: irreversible with chronic inflammation and infection
S/S: productive mucopurulent secretions greatest in morning , recurrent lung infections
Cause: bronchial wall injury, traction from lung fibrosis, tumor

57
Q

Thickening of secretions of all exocrine glands

A

Cystic Fibrosis

58
Q

Name that syndrome!
Meconium ileus (bowel obstruction of baby’s 1st stool)
 Frequent respiratory infections (staph, pseudomonas aeruginosa)
 Inability to gain weight
 90% have pancreatic insufficiency

A

Cystic fibrosis

59
Q

What is the gold standard of diagnosing cystic fibrosis?

A

Electrolyte test from sweat

60
Q

What are common reasons patients with cystic fibrosis die?

A
  • Pulmonary complications

- Right heart failure

61
Q 
Name that syndrome:
	Chronic pneumonia
	Recurrent wheezing 
	Fatigue
	Chronic productive cough
	Chronic hypoxia
•	Clubbing, barrel chest
	Decreased absorption of vitamins and enzymes
	Chronic URI(upper respiratory infection)
A

Cystic fibrosis

62
Q

Is cystic fibrosis obstructive or restrictive?

A

Can be either!

63
Q

Name that syndrome!
Increased reaction to stimuli within the trachea and bronchi
 Narrowing of airways due to inflammation, constriction, secretions

A

Asthma

64
Q

What is the most common drug type for asthma?

A

Bronchodilator

Cardiopulmonary (8 decks)

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