Restraint 2 Flashcards
Venipuncture
Needle into the vein
Put in drugs or take blood out
Supplies for blood collection
Syringe Tourniquet Gauze/cotton Vet wrap Maybe alcohol/clippers 22g needle
VOTAS role in venipuncture
Grabbing supplies
Restraint
Holding off the vein/releasing when appropriate
Putting pressure on venipuncture site to prevent bruising
Placing a catheter
Stand on dogs right side
Hold head with right hand (hug)
Hold behind elbow with left hand and twist vein up.
Release when person holding the catheter tells you to
Keep holding the elbow
Supplies needed for catheter placement
Tape Chlorhexadine scrub Cotton balls/gauze Alcohol T port Selection of iv catheters Adapter plug
Holding for jugular venipuncture cat
Equipment you can use:
Cat bag, towel, 1/2 burrito
Hold on the table, over the edge
3 finger hold for front legs, pulling down so they are straight
Hold over top of head with thumb and middle fingers, pull head up slightly
Tuck rest of body with head holding arm
Do not over extend neck
Holding for big dog and possibly medium dog jugular
Done on floor normally Holder stands behind/beside dog Have dog sit Pull/hold head up to the sky (make sure collar out of the way) Hold mouth closed
Med small dogs
On top of table Holder on one side of the table Have dog near end of table Hold head up to the sky, hold collar away May have to hold front legs May have to turn head slightly
Other things to know for jugular veins
Neck (one on each side)
Use left jugular if right handed
Occlude (hold off) vein (person collecting)
Have supplies collected already
Make sure you have correct patient
You can do these in lateral (usually when asleep)
After needle leaves veins, cover with one or two fingers
Jugulars are not bandaged
Hold 30s to 1 min
Hold longer if suspected bleeding disorders
Clean blood off with water or hydrogen peroxide after
20-30s to draw blood
How do you take animal from owner
Placement/removal of dogs/cats from enclosures
Bum first if small dog
Alternative is for owner to put animal on floor (if on leash) and walk it to the back area
Assessing concerns
Animals will feed off owners feelings (nervous, scared, anxious)
Watch the body language of the animal
If there is no leash, put on a clinic leash
Owners may help take to the back or at least start in that direction
Owner leaving all together shifts focus to New handler
Approaching an animal
Calm and slow
Speak softly to them (no baby talking)
Come from the side (dogs/horses)
Maybe use treats (or other distraction methods)
Don’t corner animal, crouch, angle body, extend hand palm up, calming signals
Identification of animal
Dogs can have tattoo on flank Right ear: usually spay/neuter Left ear: usually breeder tag Tattoo: you can read them Microchips: don't fade (can last forever), easier to find animal if not in region
Reasons to take animal from owner
Hospitalization Procedures done out of sight Reduces stress Safety Avoid owners restraining their own pets
Picking up an animal
Ideally in a carrier
Otherwise you can scoop them up under chest and support back end with elbow. Free hand for face/head
Football hold
Towel/blanket
Picking up good small dogs and cats
Hand going under belly-scoop and tuck
Secondary hand to hold head against body for more security especially if they wiggle around a lot
Medium sized- scoop with both hands (chest and butt)
Make harness with leash
Can use gloves to handle pets/blankets
Walking dogs that are hospitalized
Reason for hospitalization
Ways to walk
Reasons: ACL/CCL, c section, leg injuries, extensive wounds , incisions
IVF (IV fluids)
To walk:
Two leashes
Covering vulnerable areas (catheters ect)
Short leash
Pay attention to elimination (stones, consistency, blood, straining)
Bring poop bags
Be aware of surroundings
Ways to hold cats
Burrito wrap 1 person wrap 1/2 burrito wrap Blanket wrap Emergency blanket wrap Scruff Cat bag Cat muzzles ISO box Fish net
One person wrap
Make sure animal is relaxed Use thick towel Use for vaccinations for cats, nervous Pull front of towel over head (hold cat with little pressure) Cat is in middle of towel Fold both sides over
Burrito wrap
Lay towel on flat surface
Set cat on towel with her face by the top edge
Have enough towel at top to fold over head
Place one hand on neck/body of cat and use other hand to fold one side over and wrap it snug
Switch hands
Wrap other side of towel and put flap under
Why do dogs bite
Fear Aggression Play Prey drive Resource guiding Defense
Types of dog collars
Buckle Martingale Choke Break away Quick release Slip Prong or pinch Head halters Harnesses Elizabethan collars
Muzzles for dogs
Gauze roll/stockinette Basket muzzles Tape muzzles Quick muzzles Temporary leash muzzles Air muzzle
Why would you use muzzles
No biting Distraction Safer for others (animals/people) Get procedure done quicker (alt sedation) Barking Food control Grey hounds off track
When would muzzles be an issue
Face injuries Heat stroke Vomiting Seizures Brachycephalic
How to clean muzzles
Disinfectant
Hot water or bleach
Can also put in disinfectant machine
Can put some cloth material in washer
Other techniques for dogs
Rabies poll Double leashes: dogs we don't know Cross tie (1 leash to 1 person, 1 leash to another) Leash through the door Neck grab (not recommended) Muzzle instead and hug Brachycephalic (cone or towel around neck) Chemical drugs
Ways to prevent an animal from escaping
Double leashes
Handle fractious animals in confined spaces
Never have doors or windows open to the outside
Always check collars
Leave leash on some dogs
General rules of escaping animals
Make known to everyone Secure all exits (doors and windows) Minimize area Minimize noise Always check escape artist kennels Always check collars (two fingers) Double leashing
Loose dogs
Rabies pole
Can use owner
Treats
Commands
Escaped cats
Use small room Turn off lights Herding into kennel Blankets Cat grabber (fish net) Gloves
Who should handle the most dangerous dogs
AHT and DVM
If attacked by dog
Clean out dog wound
Compress if bleeding
If attacked by cats
Go to hospital
If attacked
Tell your boss
Know vets policy for biting and know where the paperwork is
Always ask someone else if uncomfortable with an animal
Owner can muzzle before coming into the clinic
Getting a dog to sit if they are restraining
Treats Push bum down while raising head up Push on knee to force them to sit Pressure on hips to keep them sitting One hand hugging
Reason for laying down (sternly rexumbancy)
Dog is laying on stomach and chest
Nail trims
Blood draw
IV catheter placement
3 finger hold
Using three fingers on the front and back legs to flip dog into lateral position
Little bit of pressure on neck when being held down
Lateral
Left and right 3 finger hold Cystocentesis Nail trim Urine catheterization SQ, IM, Left lateral most commonly used Can roll them onto side while sitting
Restraining for PE
Know handlers technique
Large dogs on ground, others on table
Cats just lay there
Stand opposite side of vet
Usually start at head (keep head still, grab on sides of neck)
Pay attention if pet is panting , try to hold mouth closed (muzzle)
Abdomen/sides- standing, hold stomach up
Know directional terms
Never leave animal unattended
Never allow animal to jump off table
Oral meds
Try in food, put directly in
Tilt head up, put down throat (use utensils)
Poke it down if using hand
Use syringe of water to flush down
Liquid medication
Animal can be sitting
Use syringe
Cephalic venipuncture
Left and right cephalic veins on front legs
Rolled onto top of leg by the holder
Preferred site for IV catheters
Holder must extend the elbow for duration of blood draw
Don’t let dog tuck back (can contaminate)
Restraint has to be firm enough that pet doesn’t jump when needle is inserted
Hold head away from other person (muzzle)
Hold off/occlude with thumb
Always hold elbow, don’t let go
Sternal or lateral recumbancy
Saphenous venipuncture
Femoral (inside of back leg)
Medial and lateral- out of back leg, closer to hock
Standing or laying down for lateral saphenous
Lateral only for medial saph
How to saphenous venipuncture
Place 1 hand around leg below knee Apply pressure (occlude) Restrain remainder of animal Laying down- lay on top, hold front leg Standing-bear hug , knee hold off Use muzzles
Femoral saphenous venipuncture
Cats Fatty part Head hold/scruff Stretch Occlude with heel of hand while you are holding tummy up out of the way But also holding other hind leg and tail
Different types of injections
IV intravenous SC subcutaneous IM intramuscular IM/SC quicker, do not have to find vein Blood supply-IV-Fastest
Why are injections given in different locations
Manufacture instructions How rapidly the drug needs to be given Gauge of needle How irritating drug is If drug is given IV, SC, IM
Why are some injections made with empty syringes
For the purpose of removing liquid of air or “centesis”
