Restorative And Esthetic Dental Materials Flashcards
Standardization of dental materials
Not hurt the body or be poisonous to the body.
Not hurt tissues or cause oral cavity tissues to become inflamed.
Help protect teeth and oral tissues.
Be similar in appearance to natural tooth structure.
Be easy to apply in the mouth.
Conform to function.
Tinsel stress
Material is pulled an expanded
Compressive stress
Material is pushed into self
Sheer stress
Material is broken down
Force
Strength or power exerted onto a material
Stress
Refers to the manner in which the material responds internally to force
Strain
Refers to the ultimate way in which materials change because of stress
What can temperature change cause in dental materials?
Microleakage
Restoration failure
Galvanic action
Refers to an electrical current that’s stems from two different metals being present in the oral cavity at the same time
What causes galvanic action to occur?
Saliva.
Two metallic components of different composition.
Flow
The dental material must be adaptable enough so that I can place as a restoration
Adhesion
Different materials message here to each other.
Wetting
The material must be able to flow over the surface. Consideration and wetting is whether to materials are Hydro folic/water loving or hydrophobic/water hating. A hydrophilic surface would not be wet well by a hydrophobic liquid.
Viscosity
This property causes the material to not be able to flow easily. The higher the viscosity, the less easily it will flow and the less it will wet the surface.
Surface characteristics
A liquid has an increase flow rate on a rough surface compared with that of a smooth surface.
Film thickness
The thinner the thickness of the film, the stronger the adhesive interface.
Retention
Means that to materials are being held together without the use of an adhesive material.
Auto curing
When a chemical reaction occurs within material resulting in hardening of material
Light curing
When hardening of material result only when curing light is applied to material
Restorative dentistry
Field of dentistry that focuses on returning damaged it to their natural appearance and function with a pleasing aesthetic
Esthetic
A pleasing appearance
What materials are used for restorative dentistry and esthetic procedures?
Amalgam
Composite resin
Glass ionomer‘s
Intermediate restorative materials
Tooth whitening products
Amalgam
Use the most frequently on posterior detention. It is safe, cost effective, and strong.
Alloy
A mixture made up of two or more different media
Mercury
Comprises 43 to 54% of the mixture
Alloy powder
Comprises 46 to 57% of the mixture
Silver
Gives the amalgam strength
Tin
Provides work ability and strength
Copper
Provide strength and resistance to corrosion
Zinc
Provides oxidation suppression
what milligrams are amalgam capsules available in?
600 mgs of alloy
800 mgs of alloy
Activator
Equipment that is used to break the separating membrane in the amalgam capsule
Composite resins
Tooth colored restorative materials made of silica or porcelain fillers. Or other particles with liquid resin that bind together to form a solid and hard restoration material.
Characteristics of composite resins
Can withstand changes in the environment of the oral cavity.
Can easily be created to resemble the shape of natural dentition.
Can be matched to patients natural teeth
Can be directly bonded to the surface of the tooth.
Dimethacrylate
A fluid. It is a monomer used to make synthetic resins.
Polymerization
Additives that create a chemical reaction and allow the material to take shape.
Additives
Initiator
Accelerator
Retarder
Ultraviolet stabilizers
Inorganic fillers
For composite resins to be used as a restorative material, fillers are added to add strength and body. Inorganic fillers include quartz, glass, silica, and color ants.
What are some inorganic fillers?
Quartz
Glass
Silica
Colorant
Organisilane compound
A coupling agent that strengthens the resin by allowing filler particles to chemically bond with resin matrix
Macrofilled composites
Made up of large particles creating strength but also a dull, rough surface. This composite is rarely used today.
Microfilled composites
Inorganic filler that is much smaller and capable of producing a highly polished, finished restoration. Most often used in anterior restorations.
Hybrid composites
Made up of both macrofill and microfilm particles.
Application of composite resin
The shade should be chosen before the tooth is prepared because desiccation throughout the procedure changes the color.
If the operator prefers, the material can be placed directly into the tooth with the use of a handheld applicator.
Only 1 mm to 2 mm increment should be placed and light cured at a time.
The shade of the tooth is selected.
The approximate amount of material is placed on a paper pad or a light protected surface.
The material is transferred in increments, subjected to light caring, and is completed by finishing and polishing.
Polymerization
The process in which a composite resin changes from a soft, pliable state to a hardened, strong restoration.
Finishing composite restoration
Reducing the material with white stones with finishing burs.
Fine finishing the material with carbide burs and finishing burs.
Polishing the medium discs and finishing with fine discs.
Polishing inter-proximal surfaces with finishing strips.
Final polishing with a polishing paste and rubber cup.
Glass ionomer’s
A versatile material that has chemical components that allow it to be used as a restorative material/liner/bonding agent and permanent cement.
What are glass ionomer‘s used for?
Primary teeth, non-loadbearing areas, temporary restorations, cavity liners, bonding agent, cements for permanent crowns.
What is glass ionomer composed of?
Glass, acrylic acid, Tartaric acid, Maleic acid, meta reinforced glass ionomer
Liquid and powder
Mixed together with instrument on treated paper pad
Light protected tubes
Distributed onto a treated paper pad
Paste/paste system
Two pastes are mixed together
Pre-measured capsule
Triturated at time of application
Temporary restorative materials
Material that is applied to allow affected areas to function until permanent restorations can be placed
Intermediate restorative materials
Material that has applied to the dentist before the application of the restorative material
Intermediate restorative material is composed of what?
Zinc oxide which provides durability and strength.
Eugenia which provides soothing effect
Preparing and delivering intermediate restorative material
Assemble the liquid and powder container of IRN with a measuring scoop, a mixing pad, and a spatula.
Use the measuring scoop to dispense powder onto the mixing pad.
Dispense liquid onto the measuring pad. The ratio is 1 to 1, meaning one scoop of powder to one drop of liquid.
Mix the powder into the liquid and increments to form a stiff paste. The mixing time should be about one minute.
Roll the IRM into a ball for easy delivery to the tooth.
Wipe the spatula clean before the material sets.
Set IRM in the restored tooth.
Provisional restorative materials
Product to use the temporary return the shape and function of a tooth while the permanent replacement is fabricated
How to apply provisional restorative materials
The material is mixed and then placed in a custom, vacuum formed tray or alginate impression.
The material is allowed to cure after being seated over the prepared tooth.
The occlusion and margins are adjusted.
Temporary cement is used to cement the material in place.
Ceramics
Compound that contains a mixture of metals and nonmetals materials, producing durability and an aesthetic appearance
What are the different types of ceramic restoration?
Porcelain fused to metal.
Porcelain bonded to metal.
Ceramic to metal.
Porcelain metal.
Why should you use porcelain?
Shades of porcelain can be easily matched natural dentition.
Porcelain improve the appearance of the anterior teeth.
Porcelain is a strong as metal.
Porcelain is a good insulating material.
Porcelain does not succumb to changes in shape due to thermal changes.
