Restless Earth Flashcards
Facts about The Alps ?
Located in Central Europe
Population of 12 million
Uses of the Alps ?
Farming
Tourism
HEP
Forestry
The Alps for farming ?
Steep upland areas used to farm goats - providing milk, cheese and meat
The Alps for tourism ?
100 million visit annually
70% visit in winter for : skiing, snowboarding, ice climbing
New villages and ski runs, ski lifts built to satisfy tourists
e.g. Tignes in France
The Alps for HEP ?
Narrow valleys dammed, e.g. Berne in Switzerland
Switzerland gets 60% of its electricity from the Alps, HEP also for local homes
The Alps for forestry ?
Scots Pine planted all over, resilient to goats, which kill native tree sapling
Trees also logged for selling / sold as furniture
Adaptations of the Alps ?
Steep slopes terraced - planting vineyards,e.g. Lavaux Switzerland
Trees prevent avalanches and intercepts rock slides
Animal grazed at upland areas - soil quality is poor
Tunnels cut through mountains for fastest transport link, e.g. Lötschberg Base Tunnel in Switzerland
Facts about Montserrat (island in Caribbean sea) ?
Soufriere Hills volcano erupted
25/06/1997
4-5m^3 rocks and ash released
19 deaths, 100+ injured
Primay effects of Montserrat ?
20 villages & 2/3 of homes destroyed by pyroclastic flows - also caused forest fires
2/3 island in ash ; Plymouth - capital, under 12m of ash
Schools, hospitals destroyed, airport and port closed
Secondary effects of Montserrat ?
~67% inhabitants left the island
Volcanic ash improved soil fertility
Tourism and businesses at first was destroyed, but now tourism resumed - 2013, 5000+ visited
Immediate responses to Montserrat ?
UK provided £17 million emergency aid
People evacuated from S to N
Temp. shelters built to accommodate evacuees
Long term responses to Montserrat ?
UK provided a further £41 million - develop N island
The Montserrat Volcano Observatory built - predict / monitor future volcanic activity
Facts about Haiti ?
Caribbean island
Magnitude of 7.0
12/01/2010
Primary effects of Haiti earthquake ？
230,000 killed
300,000 injured
180, 000 homes destroyed
All services badly disrupted
Secondary effects of Haiti earthquake ?
3 million affected
Homeless accommodated in 1100+ camps for 1yr+
Responses to Haiti earthquake ?
Emergency rescue teams arrived for a number of counties, e.g. Iceland
Dominican Republic provided emergency water
Red cross set up temp.hospitals
Facts about Japan earthquake/tsunami ?
11/03/2011
Magnitude 9.0
Primary effects of Japan earthquake/tsunami ?
18,000 killed
Damage ~$300 billion
Secondary effects of Japan earthquake/tsunami ?
Tsunami - 39m high, travelled 6 miles inland
Caused cooling failure at Fukushima Daiichi power plant - Level 7 meltdown released 300 million tons of radioactive material daily.
10% JPN’s households without electricity
Responses to Japan earthquake/tsunami ?
Experts working on ways to make buildings more earthquake resistant
JPN recently installed an upgraded tsunami warning system
