Population Flashcards
Information about China / the policy ?
Population of 1.3 billion
Policy introduced in 1979
Why did China pass the One-Child Policy ?
1950s and 1960s:
Food shortages
Energy shortage
How was the One-Child Policy enforced?
Financial rewards, free education, better housing - those who followed the policy
Fines, and expulsion from governmental posts fo those who didn’t follow
Social impacts of the OC Policy ?
Abandonment of girls
By 2020,estimated men>women by 30 million
Spoilt children
Economic impacts of OC Policy ?
Ageing population - 22% Shanghai’s residents =60+
In 2020 ~34%. Expensive healthcare
Dependency ratio 1:2:4 ( 2 parents, 4 grandparents - not enough tax payers to pay for elderly)
Not enough workers to keep economy expanding
Effectiveness of OC Policy ?
Prevented up to 400 million births. Fertility rate dropped from 5.7 in 1970 to 1.8
2017 - China = World’s 2nd biggest economy $11 trillion
Relaxation of OC Policy ?
Both parents only child then 2nd child is permitted
Rural areas: if 1st child is a girl OR has disability “ “
Oct.2015 Policy scrapped
Facts about Kerala ?
Non-birth control policy - emancipation of women
Average income of $293 per year
Population of 32 million
Women has an average of 2 children
Result of Kerala’s N-BC Policy?
~All villages accessible to school, modern clinic <2.5km
Literacy level is 30% higher than rest of India
Women marry average 4 yrs later, 1st child 5 yrs later
Benefits of Kerala’s N-BC Policy ?
Population stagnating
Decreased infant mortality rate, thus decrease in birth rate
Most complete 10 years of education - average income of $293 per year
Women holds the best jobs
Facts about UK’s Ageing Population ?
In 2005, 65+ = 16%, by 2041, increases to 25%
Problems caused by ageing population ?
Dependency ratio is increasing, pension crisis 2036 = 2:61
More elderly living in poverty - low state pensions
High cost of care homes, annual £35,000
Health care services are under pressure. +75 average stay in hospital = 13 nights, but whole of UK was 8
Strategies to cope with UK’s ageing population ?
Raising retirement age, by 2048 it will be 68
Encourage immigration of young people, 2004-80% were ≤34
Private pension - government offers tax breaks for some types
Encourage +65 to take on jobs in community
Facts of Sweden ?
Total population is only 9 million
Ageing and growth rate ~0
Swedish government’s strategies to increase birth rate ?
Sick Child Care - compensation of 120 days per year
13 months of paid paternity leave at 80% salary
Extra money if <30 months between each child
