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GCSE Geography > Restless Earth > Flashcards

Restless Earth Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

The upper parts of the earth’s mantle where rocks are more fluid

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1
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

The layer of water around the earth

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2
Q

Which type of crust is thinner?

A

Oceanic

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3
Q

Which type of crust is thicker?

A

Continental

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4
Q

Which type of crust is more dense?

A

Oceanic

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5
Q

What is the outermost layer of earths crust called?

A

The crust

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6
Q

What is the order of the earths pieces going inwards?

A 
The crust
The lithosphere
The asthenosphere
The mantle
Liquid core
Solid core
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7
Q

Why do tectonic Plates move?

A

Because of Convection Currents.

These are caused by the heat coming from radioactivity in the core, which heats the magma. Magma closer to the Core is less dense and rises. As it rises it cools and turns over, this makes a current that pushes plates.

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8
Q

What sort of Crust has Basalt in it?

A

Oceanic

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9
Q

What is a Convection Current?

A

The circulation of magma caused by the heat of the core

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10
Q

What is Oceanic crust made of?

A

Basalt, with no crystals.

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11
Q

What is Continental Crust made of?

A

Granite, with crystals.

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12
Q

What sort of crust contains small crystals?

A

Continental

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13
Q

What sort of crust has granite in it?

A

Continental

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14
Q

How do we know Tectonic Plates move?

A

Pangea

We know of Pangea because of identical rocks and fossils

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15
Q

What is a plate boundary?

A

Where two plates meet each other

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16
Q

What direction are the plates at constructive boundaries moving in?

A

Away from each other

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17
Q

What landforms are created at Constructive Boundaries?

A

Volcanoes

Ridges

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18
Q

Give an example of a Constructive boundary.

A

The North Atlantic Ridge

North American moving from Eurasian Plate

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19
Q

What directions are plates at Conservative boundaries moving in?

A

They are moving in opposite or the same directions and rubbing against each other.

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20
Q

What occurs at Conservative boundaries?

A

Earthquakes

Fracture lines

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21
Q

Give an Example of a Conservative Boundary

A

The San Andreas Fault

North American and Pacific.

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22
Q

What directions are plates moving in Destructive boundaries?

A

Towards each other

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23
Q

At what sort of Plate boundary does Subduction happen?

A

Destructive

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24
Q

What crust is involved in a Destructive boundary?

A

Both Continental and Oceanic

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25
Q

Give an example of a Destructive boundary.

A

The Philippines

Between the Philippine and Pacific Plates

26
Q

Which plate is sub ducted in Destructive boundaries?

A

Oceanic, because it is more dense.

27
Q

What direction are the plates moving in a Collision boundary?

A

Towards each other.

28
Q

What is the difference between a Destructive and Collision boundary?

A

Collision involves two of the same

Destructive involves two different

29
Q

What are the features of a collision boundary?

A

Mountains

Earthquakes

30
Q

What are Fold Mountains?

A

Mountains made by the Plates pushing together and pushing up.

31
Q

What is VEI?

A

The Volcanic Explosivity Index

32
Q

What does VEI measure?

A

The destructive power of a Volcano from a scale of 1 to 8

33
Q

What is the Richter Scale?

A

The Intensity of an Earthquake.

34
Q

What does the Mercalli Scale measure?

A

How many people can observe it at the epicentre.

35
Q

What sort of volcano is produced by Basaltic Lava?

A

Shield

36
Q

What sort of volcano is produced by Andesitic Lava?

A

Composite

37
Q

What sort of Lava produces a Composite volcano?

A

Andesitic

38
Q

What sort of Lava produces a Shield volcano?

A

Basaltic

39
Q

What are the features of a Composite Volcano?

A

Violent
Steep slopes
Release lots of ash

40
Q

What are the features of a Shield Volcano?

A

Less Violent
Gentle Slopes
Fluid flows of lava

41
Q

Name a Shield Volcano.

A

Mauna Loa

42
Q

Name a Composite Volcano.

A

Mount Pinatubo.

43
Q

What are the sides of a Shield volcano like?

A

Gentle, long slopes

44
Q

What are the sides of a Composite volcano like?

A

Steep slopes

45
Q

What is a Primary Impact?

A

An impact caused immediately by the earthquake.

46
Q

What is a Secondary Impact?

A

Impacts caused by the Primary impacts or a while after the event.

47
Q

Give our example of an eruption in an LEDC.

A

Montserrat

48
Q

What is the Plates and Plate boundary at Montserrat?

A

Destructive

Caribbean meets Atlantic
Atlantic sub ducts under Caribbean

49
Q

When did the eruption in Montserrat happen?

A

Between 1995 and 1997

50
Q

When did the Pyroclastic flows in Montserrat happen?

A

In June and July 1997

51
Q

What were the impacts of the Montserrat eruption?

A 
It killed 23 people
2/3 of Infrastructure was destroyed
Half of the Island left
The Capital-Plymouth-was destroyed
It destroyed rain forests and farms
52
Q

Give our example of an eruption in an MEDC.

A

Mount St Helens

53
Q

What are the Plates and Boundaries at Mount St Helens?

A

Destructive

The North American and Juan De Fuca
The Juan de Fuca is sub ducting under the North American

54
Q

When did the eruption in Mt St Helens happen?

A

Spring 1980

55
Q

When did the major explosion happen?

A

The 18th of May in the morning.

56
Q

What were the impacts of the eruption in Mount Saint helens?

A

It caused a rock landslide that went outside the red zone
It killed wildlife in forests and Spirit lake
It destroyed the logging camps
No major impact on the country

57
Q

What is our example of an Earthquake in an MEDC?

A

Loma Prieta, California.

58
Q

When did the earthquake in Loma Prieta happen?

A

1989

59
Q

What are the plates in Loma Prieta?

A

The San Andreas Fault

The north american
The Pacific

60
Q

What was the magnitude in Loma Prieta?

A

6.9 on the Richter

61
Q

How many people died in loma Prieta?

A

63

62
Q

How much did the earthquake in loma Prieta cost?

A

10 billion

GCSE Geography (5 decks)

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