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GCSE Geography > Coastal Change And Conflict > Flashcards

Coastal Change And Conflict Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a concordant coast?

A

Layers of hard and soft rock which lay parallel to the coastline.

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1
Q

What is the backwash?

A

The movement of a wave retreating back to sea and away from the beach

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2
Q

What is deposition?

A

The waves place sand and sediment, also done by humans, transportation or erosion

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3
Q

What is a discordant coast?

A

Layers of a hard and soft rock which runs vertically against the coast, this one is headlands and bays

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4
Q

What is the fetch?

A

The distance a wave travels before hitting the coast

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5
Q

What is a holistic approach?

A

An approach to environmental management that treats the whole area as interrelated system.

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6
Q

What are the advantages of living by the coast?

A 
– Fish
– Good agricultural land
– Trade
– Tourism
– Recreation
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7
Q

What is the shape of hard rock coastlines?

A

High , steep and rugged

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8
Q

What is the shape of a soft rock coastline?

A

They may be high, but are less rugged and not so steep

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9
Q

Give an example of a hard rock?

A

Granite

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10
Q

Example of a soft rock

A

Limestone

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11
Q

What does the cliff face of a hard rock coast look like?

A

It is bare with no vegetation and some loose rock

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12
Q

What is the cliff face of a soft rock coast like?

A

How’s slumping, may have piles of Clay and mud which have slipped down the face of the cliff

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13
Q

What is at the base of the cliff face in the hard rock coastline?

A

A few boulders and rocks

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14
Q

What is at the base of a soft rock coastline?

A

Very few rocks, some mud and sand

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15
Q

What are the four forms of erosion?

A

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Corrosion

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16
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

The power of waves forced into cracks and tearing the rocks the park

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17
Q

What is abrasion?

A

When rocks are hurled against cliffs. They scour it

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18
Q

What is attrition?

A

Two rocks crashing into each other.

19
Q

What is a wave cut notch?

A

When the base of the cliff is attacked by erosion. And a small notch is created

20
Q

What is the order of landforms created in the erosion of a headland?

A 
Crack
Caves
Arches
Stack
Stamp
21
Q

Where are headlands formed?

A

In the hard rock parts of a discordant coast

22
Q

Name and example of a concordant coastline

A

Lulworth Cove

23
Q

What is Lulworth cove?

A

A naturally occurring harbour made by a river and ocean.

24
Q

How was Lulworth cove made?

A

A river began to flow over it.
This cut a valley and the sea began to get into the valley. It eroded the softer rock further inland faster than the first layer of hard rock.
It made a cove.

25
Q

What features does a discordant coast create?

A

Headlands

Bays

26
Q

What are the three forms of weathering?

A

Chemical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering

27
Q

What is mass movement?

A

A large downslope movement

28
Q

What are the two forms of mass movement?

A

Slumping

Rockfall

29
Q

What is slumping?

A

When the bottom of the cliff is eroded by waves it becomes steeper.
But the case then slides downwards, this is because of rain saturation which lubricates the rocks and makes it heavier. It then slumps down

30
Q

What three things does the size of the wave depend on?

A

The strength of the wind
How long the wind blows for
The length of water it flows over

31
Q

What are the features of a constructive wave?

A

They have a long wavelengths, low amplitudes and a strong swash

32
Q

What are the features of destructive waves?

A

They have a larger amplitude, shorter wavelength and a strong backwash

33
Q

What is the wavelength of a constructive wave like?

A

Long wavelength

34
Q

What is the amplitude of a constructive wave like?

A

Small

35
Q

What sort of wave deposits material on a beach?

A

Constructive

36
Q

What is the amplitude of a destructive waves like?

A

They have a large amplitude

37
Q

Does the wavelength of a destructive wave like?

A

Close together and small

38
Q

What sort of wave would produce a steep beach?

A

A destructive wave?

39
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

The transport of sediments by waves coming in at an angle and then the sediment being pulled down by gravity

40
Q

What process creates a spit?

A

Longshore drift

41
Q

What is soft engineering?

A

Working with nature and not intruding on it

42
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Large traditional structures, which are hard.

43
Q

Give four examples of hard engineering

A 
Seawalls
Groynes
Riprap
Revetments
Gabions
44
Q

Give some examples of soft engineering

A 
Planting vegetation
Beach replenishment
Offshore breakwaters
Managed retreat
Cliff regrading
45
Q

What is ICZM?

A

Integrated coastal zone management

46
Q

What are the four ways of managing the coast?

A

Hold on the line
Advance the line
Managed retreat
Do you nothing

GCSE Geography (5 decks)

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