Coastal Change And Conflict

Question 0

What is a concordant coast?

Answer 0

Layers of hard and soft rock which lay parallel to the coastline.

Question 1

What is the backwash?

Answer 1

The movement of a wave retreating back to sea and away from the beach

Question 2

What is deposition?

Answer 2

The waves place sand and sediment, also done by humans, transportation or erosion

Question 3

What is a discordant coast?

Answer 3

Layers of a hard and soft rock which runs vertically against the coast, this one is headlands and bays

Question 4

What is the fetch?

Answer 4

The distance a wave travels before hitting the coast

Question 5

What is a holistic approach?

Answer 5

An approach to environmental management that treats the whole area as interrelated system.

Question 6

What are the advantages of living by the coast?

Answer 6

– Fish
– Good agricultural land
– Trade
– Tourism
– Recreation

Question 7

What is the shape of hard rock coastlines?

Answer 7

High , steep and rugged

Question 8

What is the shape of a soft rock coastline?

Answer 8

They may be high, but are less rugged and not so steep

Question 9

Give an example of a hard rock?

Answer 9

Granite

Question 10

Example of a soft rock

Answer 10

Limestone

Question 11

What does the cliff face of a hard rock coast look like?

Answer 11

It is bare with no vegetation and some loose rock

Question 12

What is the cliff face of a soft rock coast like?

Answer 12

How’s slumping, may have piles of Clay and mud which have slipped down the face of the cliff

Question 13

What is at the base of the cliff face in the hard rock coastline?

Answer 13

A few boulders and rocks

Question 14

What is at the base of a soft rock coastline?

Answer 14

Very few rocks, some mud and sand

Question 15

What are the four forms of erosion?

Answer 15

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Corrosion

Question 16

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 16

The power of waves forced into cracks and tearing the rocks the park

Question 17

What is abrasion?

Answer 17

When rocks are hurled against cliffs. They scour it

Question 18

What is attrition?

Answer 18

Two rocks crashing into each other.

Question 19

What is a wave cut notch?

Answer 19

When the base of the cliff is attacked by erosion. And a small notch is created

Question 20

What is the order of landforms created in the erosion of a headland?

Answer 20

Crack
Caves
Arches
Stack
Stamp

Question 21

Where are headlands formed?

Answer 21

In the hard rock parts of a discordant coast

Question 22

Name and example of a concordant coastline

Answer 22

Lulworth Cove

Question 23

What is Lulworth cove?

Answer 23

A naturally occurring harbour made by a river and ocean.

Question 24

How was Lulworth cove made?

Answer 24

A river began to flow over it. This cut a valley and the sea began to get into the valley. It eroded the softer rock further inland faster than the first layer of hard rock. It made a cove.

Question 25

What features does a discordant coast create?

Answer 25

Headlands | Bays

Question 26

What are the three forms of weathering?

Answer 26

Chemical weathering Chemical weathering Biological weathering

Question 27

What is mass movement?

Answer 27

A large downslope movement

Question 28

What are the two forms of mass movement?

Answer 28

Slumping | Rockfall

Question 29

What is slumping?

Answer 29

When the bottom of the cliff is eroded by waves it becomes steeper. But the case then slides downwards, this is because of rain saturation which lubricates the rocks and makes it heavier. It then slumps down

Question 30

What three things does the size of the wave depend on?

Answer 30

The strength of the wind How long the wind blows for The length of water it flows over

Question 31

What are the features of a constructive wave?

Answer 31

They have a long wavelengths, low amplitudes and a strong swash

Question 32

What are the features of destructive waves?

Answer 32

They have a larger amplitude, shorter wavelength and a strong backwash

Question 33

What is the wavelength of a constructive wave like?

Answer 33

Long wavelength

Question 34

What is the amplitude of a constructive wave like?

Answer 34

Small

Question 35

What sort of wave deposits material on a beach?

Answer 35

Constructive

Question 36

What is the amplitude of a destructive waves like?

Answer 36

They have a large amplitude

Question 37

Does the wavelength of a destructive wave like?

Answer 37

Close together and small

Question 38

What sort of wave would produce a steep beach?

Answer 38

A destructive wave?

Question 39

What is longshore drift?

Answer 39

The transport of sediments by waves coming in at an angle and then the sediment being pulled down by gravity

Question 40

What process creates a spit?

Answer 40

Longshore drift

Question 41

What is soft engineering?

Answer 41

Working with nature and not intruding on it

Question 42

What is hard engineering?

Answer 42

Large traditional structures, which are hard.

Question 43

Give four examples of hard engineering

Answer 43

``` Seawalls Groynes Riprap Revetments Gabions ```

Question 44

Give some examples of soft engineering

Answer 44

``` Planting vegetation Beach replenishment Offshore breakwaters Managed retreat Cliff regrading ```

Question 45

What is ICZM?

Answer 45

Integrated coastal zone management

Question 46

What are the four ways of managing the coast?

Answer 46

Hold on the line Advance the line Managed retreat Do you nothing