Rest Of Cards For Cells And Microscopy Flashcards
What is a cell
Things that make up all living organisms / most simple organism
What is the bacterial cell wall made out of
Peptidoglycan
What are plasmids
Rings of DNA floating in cytoplasm
3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
- Bacteria cells have peptidoglycan cell wall and animal cells don’t have a cell wall and plant cell has cellulose cell wall
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus whereas bacterial cells have circular chromosomes and plasmids to carry DNA
- bacterial cells lack cell membrane bound organelles, which plant and animal cells have eg: mitochondria
Magnification triangle
I
A. M
If you continually increase the magnification of an image beyond a certain point, the detail does not increase but rather the detail is …. The ability of a microscope to let us see the …… is called the ……….
Lost
Detail
Resolution
How do electron microscopes work
Pass a beam of electrons through a specimen to investigate the detail of structures inside cells.
Why might electron microscopes be better then light microscopes
Electron microscopes have a much bigger resolution, therefore we can see in greater detail. This has increased our understanding of cell structures
Many cells need ……, ….., ……….. along with other substances to enter through the cell …….. to perform their …….. Cell metabolism also produces …………….. such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen which needs to leave the cell. The cell membrane also prevents the ………. Of other molecules. Therefore, we say that cell membrane is selectively permeable
Oxygen
Water
Mineral ions
Membrane
Function
Waste products
Movement
Many substances move in and out of cells by
Diffusion
What is diffusion
The random movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration (moves down a concentration gradient)
What happens As concentration increases
Speed of diffusion increases. Because larger diffusion gradient
What happens as surface area increases
Speed of diffusion increases as more surface area available for particles to diffuse through.
What happens as temperature increases
The speed of diffusion increases. Because the particles have more kinetic energy which makes them move out and spread faster
What do multi-celled organisms need
A large enough surface area to volume ratio to exchange substances such as water, glucose and ions