Breathing And The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the name of the part of the body where the lungs are located
The upper part of the body called the thorax
What are the lungs surrounded by and what do they do
The lungs are surrounded by the rib cage which protects them
What is in between the ribs
Intercostal muscles which play a role in ventilating the lungs
What is the pleural membrane
A 2-layered membrane which lines the inside of the chest wall (ribs) and the outside of the lungs.
What’s the space between the pleural membrane called
Pleural cavity
What does the pleural cavity contain
A small amount of pleural fluid
What does pleural fluid do
Reduces friction between the lungs and the chest walls during breathing
What is the muscular sheet below the lungs called
Diaphragm. This separates the lungs from the abdomen of the body and also plays a role in ventilating the lungs
What happens to air as it enters
Air is firstly warmed, moistened and filtered as it travels through the mouth and nasal passages. It then passes through the trachea and down on of the two bronchi and into one of the lungs
The trachea and bronchi contain incomplete (c shaped) rings of ……. In their walls.
Cartilage
What do the tough rings of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi do
They provide support and keep the trachea and bronchi open ie. Stop them collapsing whilst breathing
What are bronchi further divided into
Smaller tubes called bronchioles
Lining the trachea,bronchi and bronchioles are many tiny hairs called….
Cilia
What does the mucus in the trachea,bronchi and bronchioles do
They trap dust particles and microorganisms that are present in the air that we breathe they get stuck in sticky mucus that is present in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
What does the cilia do
Move and waft the mucus up the back of the throat so it doesn’t enter the lungs. Instead it is swallowed and enters the stomach where it is destroyed
After the air travels into the many bronchioles it finally passes into some of the millions of tiny sacs called the ….. which have ……… surfaces for ….. exchange
Alveoli
Specialised
Gas
The alveoli are surrounded by many ……
Capillaries
What are capillaries
Where oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood to be transported to every living cell to be used for respiration
What moves in the opposite direction than the oxygen and why
Carbon dioxide (produced by cells in respiration) will move in the opposite direction from the blood into the alveoli to be removed from the lungs
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide which takes place between the alveoli and the blood is known as
Gas exchange
Ribs function
Provides protection for the lungs
Intercostal muscles function
Play a role in helping the rib cage to move during breathing
What is the pleural membranes function
2 layered membrane which lines the inside of the chest wall and the outside of the lungs
Pleural fluid function
Reduces friction between the lungs and chest walls during breathing
Nasal cavity function
Draws air in and then warms and moistens the air.
Trachea function
Pipe which branches into bronchi and contains c shaped rings of cartilage
Bronchi function
Contained c shaped rings of cartilage; branches off the trachea and passes air into the bronchioles
Rings of cartilage function
Provides support and keeps trachea and bronchi open during breathing
Bronchioles function
Small branches off the bronchi which pass air into alveoli
Alveoli function
Tiny air sacs; site of gas exchange
Why is it better to breathe through your nose than your mouth
Cilia hairs in the nose filter the dust and dirt out of the body
When air is ……., oxygen ……… from the alveoli into the blood to be used for respiration in the body’s cells
Inhaled
Diffuses
Gas exchange occurs between the air in the ………. And the blood capillaries which are both found in the lungs
Alveoli
…………. Is a waste product made by the body’s cells during respiration. It diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is ……..
Carbon dioxide
Exhaled
