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Exam 6 > Rest and Sleep > Flashcards

Rest and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Rest

A

Relaxed state free from anxiety
A period of bodily inactivity
Person stays quite still and motionless
May or may not involve sleep

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2
Q

What happens to bodily functions during rest

A

They slow

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3
Q

Examples of rest

A

Lying in bed and reading a good book
Visiting with loved one that one has not seen for a long time
Laughing during a funny movie

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4
Q

Napping

A

Disturbed by external noises

Awaken easily

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5
Q

Restorative sleep

A

Allows an individual to awaken feeling rested, refreshed, rejuvenated, and energized
Experience a patial loss of consciousness
More difficult to arouse
External noises may incorporate into dreams

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6
Q

What kind of state do you have to be in, in order to fall asleep?

A

Restful

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7
Q

You can _____ but not necessarily ________.

A

rest; fall asleep

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8
Q

An individual who is asleep has ____ body motions and functions than at rest

A

Slower

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9
Q

Sleep VS. Rest

A

While resting one can still be alert or aroused; while in sleep an individual is not alert and is difficult to arouse

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10
Q

Similarities between sleep and rest

A

Both relate to an individual being in a relaxed state

Individuals in both states will experience te slowing of bodily movements, motions, and functions

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11
Q

You need an adequate amount of what to maintain good health?

A

Restorative sleep

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12
Q

What happens to the body during restorative sleep?

A

Brain works to repair small injuries to the body, mind, and emotions
Brain sorts out all the data received
Body engages in cellular repair
Body synthesizes protein

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13
Q

What are some consequences of inadequate rest & restorative sleep?

A 
Healing is slow and incomplete
Immunity decreased
Pain tolerance decreased
Fragile emotions and impatience affect relationships
Cognitive functions are impaired
Ability to concentrate becomes difficult
Ability to make good decisions is impaired
Work performances suffer
Accidents increase dramatically
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14
Q

Circadian rhythm

sleep cycle

A

24 hour cyclical pattern
Body metabolism and functions increase and decrease in rhythmic pattern
Sleep alternates with longer periods of wakefulness
Sleep cycles are repeated several times a night

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15
Q

What are the two sleep cycles?

A

NREM
&
REM

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16
Q

NREM Sleep cycle

A

Non rapid eye movement
Involves four stages
Deepest most restful sleep cycle

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17
Q

NREM is what % of an infant’s sleep time?

A

60%

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18
Q

NREM is what % of an adult’s sleep time?

A

80%

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19
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement
Occurs at end of each NREM cycle
First cycle begins about 90 min. after sleep starts
Rapid eye movement begins
Vital signs fluctuate
Brain is active
Engaged in vivid dreaming that may be remembered

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20
Q

REM duration

A

Increases with each cycle

Averages about 20 minutes

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21
Q

How many stages of NREM sleep are there?

A

4

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22
Q

The 1st stage of NREM is what kind of sleep?

A

Light sleep

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23
Q

The 2nd stage of NREM is what kind of sleep?

A

Sound sleep

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24
Q

The 3rd stage of NREM is what kind of sleep?

A

Initial deep sleep

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25
Q

The 4th stage of NREM is what kind of sleep?

A

Deepest sleep

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26
Q

Stage 1 of NREM

A 
Relaxed
Metabolism and VS slow
Lasts only a few minutes
Easily aroused
If awakend = feel like they have been day dreaming
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27
Q

Stage 2 of NREM

A 
Relaxation deepens
Metabolism continues to slow
Begin to experience sound sleep
Arousal is still fairly easy
Lasts about 10-20 minutes
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28
Q

Stage 3 of NREM

A 
Muscles completely relaxed
Parasympathetic nervous slows VS further
Body becomes immobile
Arousal is more difficult
Lasts 15-30 minutes
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29
Q

Stage 4 of NREM

A

Difficult to arouse
Eyes still
Dreaming can occur
Body rests and is restored during this stage
If sleep deprived, will spend more time in this stage
Lasts 15-30 minutes

30
Q

Which sleep cycle is most restful- REM or NREM?

A

NREM

31
Q

Newborns need how many hours of sleep per day?

A

16-18

32
Q

Newborn sleep patterns

A

Approximately 50% in NREM stage
(>50% spent in stage 3&4)
Nearly 50% REM

33
Q

Infants need how many hours of sleep per day?

A

12-14 (15)

34
Q

Infant sleep patterns

A 
Approx. 30% REM
Wakefulness increases by 4 months
Sleep through the nights
Nap during day
By 1 year- sleeps 14 hours every 24
35
Q

Toddlers (2-3) need how many hours of sleep per day?

A

12 hours including naps

36
Q

Toddler sleep patterns

A

Normal sleep wake cycle 2-3 years old
Sleep 10-12 hours at night
Still need afternoon nap
% of REM continues to fall

37
Q

Preschoolers (3-5) need how many hours of sleep per day?

A

11-12

38
Q

Preschoolers sleep pattern

A

About 20% REM sleep
By age 5, may rarely take naps
Has difficulty quieting down at bedtime

39
Q

School age (7-12) needs how many hours of sleep?

A

9-12
6-7 year olds need 11-12 hours
11 year old needs 9-10

40
Q

School age sleep patterns

A

Amount of sleep varies
No naps
REM decreases to 20% or less

41
Q

Adolescents need how many hours of sleep?

A

8.5-9.5

42
Q

Adolescent sleep pattens

A

Average teen gets 7.5 hours of sleep

Sleep patterns are subject to changes like school demands, social activities, and jobs

43
Q

Young adults need how many hours of sleep?

A

7.5-8

44
Q

Young adult sleep patterns

A

Approx. 20% REM

Erratic sleep pattern due to lifestyle

45
Q

Middle age needs how many hours of sleep?

A

6-8

46
Q

Middle age sleep pattern

A

20% REM

Stage 4 NREM decreases

47
Q

Older adults need how many hours of sleep?

A

5.5-6 hours

48
Q

Older adults sleep patterns

A 
20-25% REM
Marked decrease in stage 4 NREM
Awake more frequently 
Difficult to return to sleep
Less restorative sleep
May begin to nap
More than 50% report sleep problems
49
Q

Factors influencing sleep

A 
Illness
Substance abuse (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, etc)
Lifestyle
Stress
Environment
Prescribed drugs
Exercise
Fatigue
Food/Caloric intake
50
Q

How does weight loss affect sleep?

A

Assosciated with:
decreased sleep
disturbed sleep
earlier wakening

51
Q

How does weight gain affect sleep?

A

Assosciated with:
Increased sleep
Less disrupted sleep
Later wakening

52
Q

Weight loss or Weight gain contributes to obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Weight gain

53
Q

What level of fatigue can = restful sleep?

A

Moderate

54
Q

You should not engage in exercise how many hours before bedtime?

A

1-2 hours

55
Q

Insomnia

A

Inadequate quantity or quality of sleep with consequences of daytime fatigue
Inability to obtain adequate sleep

56
Q

Hypersomnolence

A

Excessive day time sleepiness

57
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Lack of airflow through nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer
Episodes can last 10-120 seconds
Incidence may range 50-60 times/night

58
Q

Sleep apnea is suspected in who?

A 
Person who snores loud
Frequent nocturnal wakening
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Fatigue
Irritability
Personality changes
59
Q

Sleep apnea has a higher incidence in ____?

A

Elderly men

60
Q

Risk factors for sleep apnea?

A

Obesity

HTN

61
Q

Prolonged apnea may increase _______ & _________

A

BP & cardiac arrhythmias

62
Q

Treatment of sleep apnea

A

Directed at cause
Obstruction to enlarge tonsils
Temporary- CPAP at night

63
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states
Sudden wave of overwhelming sleepiness during day
May nod off in middle of day
REM occurs within 15 minutes after falling asleep

64
Q

Treatment of narcolepsy

A

Stimulates wakefulness
Promoting agents:
Provigil (modafinil)
Nuvigil (armodafinil)

65
Q

Parasomnias

A 
More common in children
Sleep walking
Sleep talking
Night terrors
Bruxism
Nocturnal eneresis
66
Q 
Sleep walking
(when does it occur?)
A

Usually during stage 3-4 NREM
Episodic
Occurs usally 1-2 hours after falling asleep
Doesn’t notice danger

67
Q 
Sleep talking
(when does it occur?)
A

Occurs during NREM and before REM

68
Q

Bruxism is the medical term for what?

A

Teeth grinding

69
Q

Nocturnal eneresis is the medical term for what?

A

Bed wetting

70
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

Prolonged disturbances results in decreased amount, quality, and consistency of sleep
REM deprivation

71
Q

If your patient has sleep deprivation, you should?

A

Delay procedures or medications when possible to avoid waking client during REM

Exam 6 (6 decks)

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