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Exam 6 > GI Meds > Flashcards

GI Meds Flashcards

0
Q

Action of Bulk-Forming Laxatives and Stool Softeners

A

Absorbs H2O into still mass, making stool bulky, thus stimulating peristalsis

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1
Q

Common laxatives and stool softeners

A 
Cascara 
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) 
Phenolphthalein (Freen-A-Mint)
Mineral Oil
Docusate (Colace) 
Milk-of-Magnesia 
Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (Metamucil) 
Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Colyte) 
In
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2
Q

Action of Lubricating Stool Softeners and Laxatives

A

Coats surface of stool and soften fecal mass, allowing for easier passage

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3
Q

Action of Osmotic Agents and Saline Laxatives

A

Draws H2O from plasma by osmosis, ⬆️ bulk of fecal mass, thus promoting peristalsis

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4
Q

Action of Stool Softeners

A

Softens fecal mass

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5
Q

Side Effects of Laxatives and Stool Softeners

A 
Diarrhea 
Dependence 
Hypokalemia 
Hypermagnesemia 
Obstruction of GI tract 
Abdominal cramps 
Nausea
Bloating 
Pruritis
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6
Q

Nursing Considerations for Laxatives and Stool Softeners

A

Contraindicated for pts. with abdominal pain, N/V, fever

Chronic use may cause Hypokalemia

Avoid sunlight (Cascara)

Do not take with milk or antacids (Dulcolax)

Will turn alkaline urine pink-red color (Feen-A-Mint)

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7
Q

Common Antacid Meds

A
  • Aluminum hydroxate gel (Amphojel)
  • Ca+ Carbonate (Titralac)
  • Aluminum hydroxide and Mg+ trisilicate
  • Mg+ hydroxide (Milk of Mag)
  • Maalox
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8
Q

Action of Antacids

A

Neutralizes gastric secretions

Raises gastric pH

Inactivates pepsin

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9
Q

Side Effects of Antacids

A 
Constipation 
N/V/D
Acid rebound between doses 
Metabolic acidosis 
Phosphate depletion (Amphojel/Titralac)
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10
Q

Nursing Considerations of Antacids

A 
Amphojel/Titralac: 
-Contains Na+ 
-Interfere w/ tetracycline absorption 
-Monitor for signs of phosphate deficiency 
-Shake well
Milk-Of-Mag:
-Tight lid to prevent CO2 absorption 
Effectiveness of oral contraceptives & salicylates may decrease when given with antacids
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11
Q

Common Antidiarrheal Medications

A

Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate (Bismuth, Subsalicylate)

Lomotil

Imodium

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13
Q

Action of Antidiarrheal Meds

A

Absorbs water, gas, toxins, and irritants, and nutrients in bowel

⬆️ tone of smooth muscles and sphincters

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14
Q

Side Effects of Antidiarrheal Meds

A
  • Constipation
  • Fecal impaction
  • Darkening of stools and tongue (Pepto-Bismol/Kaopectate)
  • Sedation, dizziness, tachycardia, dry mouth, paralytic ileus (Lomotil)
  • Drowsiness (Imodium)
  • Narcotic dependence (Paregoric)
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15
Q

Nursing Consideration of Antidiarrheal Meds

A
  • Not used with abdominal pain of unknown origin

- Monitor for urinary retention

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16
Q

2 Antispasmodics

A

Baclofen

Diazepam

17
Q

Common Antiemetic Medications

A
  • Tigan
  • Compazine
  • Zofran
  • Torecan
  • Reglan
  • Antivert, Bonie
  • Dramamine
  • Phenergan
  • Inapsine
18
Q

Action of Antiemetics

A
  • Decreases peristalsis
  • Increases GI motility
  • Blocks effect of dopamine in chemoreceptor trigger zone
19
Q

Side Effects of Antiemetics

A
  • Drowsiness, sedation
  • HA (Tigan)
  • Orthostatic HTN, diplopia, photosensitivity (Compazine)
  • Diarrhea, constipation, liver enzyme elevation (Zofran)
  • Blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention (Torecan)
  • Restlessness, anxiety (Reglan)
  • Excitation (Antivert, Bonine)
  • Palpitations, hypotension (Dramamine)
  • Seizures, arrhythmias, hypotension, tachycardia (Inapsine)
20
Q

Nursing Considerations of Antiemetics

A
  • May cause Reye’s syndrome
  • Give IM in upper outer quad of gluteal muscle to reduce pain and irritation (Tigan)
  • Give deep IM, stay in bed 1 hr after administration (Torecan)
  • Monitor BP, mental requiring activities, take before meals (Reglan)
  • Contraindicated with glaucoma (Antivert, Bonine)
21
Q

H2 Antagonist Receptor Meds

A
  • Tagamet
  • Zantac
  • Carafate
  • Pepcid
  • Axid
22
Q

Antisecretory Agents

A
  • Prilosec
  • Prevacid
  • AcipHex
  • Nexium
  • Protonix
23
Q

Side Effects of Antisecretory Agents

A
  • Dizziness

- Diarrhea

24
Q

Side Effects of H2 Antagonist Receptor Meds

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • HA
25
Q

Cathartics

A

Laxative

Exam 6 (6 decks)

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