rest

Question 1

what are the human factors of performance

Answer 1

understanding of patterns and causes of errors and systems failure
situational awareness
communication in teams
limitations of human performance

Question 2

what are major contributors to adverse events in HC

Answer 2

human factors

Question 3

what is a key factor in safety

Answer 3

team situational awareness

Question 4

what are the three conditions needed for team situational awareness

Answer 4

perception
comprehension
projection

Question 5

what are some challenges in health care teams

Answer 5

multiple patient handovers
hierarchy
cultures that discourage challenge
stress repossess

Question 6

define these terms 
vigilance
awareness
engagement 
root cause

Answer 6

preoccupation without failure
sensitivity to operation - shared goal
commitment to resilience
reluctance to simplify interpretation

Question 7

what human factors can increase risk

Answer 7

mental workload 
distractions 
physical environment 
physical demand 
product design 
team work 
process design

Question 8

what does the cabler ross diagram measure

Answer 8

the change curve - shares stages of change and how they can affect competence and moral over time

Question 9

what are the stages of the cabler ross change curve

Answer 9

shock, denial, frustration, depression, experiment, decision, integration

Question 10

what are the 8 steps to successful change

Answer 10

establish  urgency 
create a guiding coalition 
shard vision 
communicate vision 
empower act to vision 
short term wins 
build 
institutionalise

Question 11

what is informed consent

Answer 11

valid consent - be comment to make decision
received sufficient information to make decision
not be acting under duress

Question 12

what is explicit consent

Answer 12

articulated agreement orally or writing - recommended written by GMC

Question 13

what is implied consent

Answer 13

agreement signalled by behaviour of an individual

Question 14

what are the key legal issues fo consent

Answer 14

obtained before examination
adults assumed competent to give consent
patient can withdraw consent at anytime
consent can be written, verbal/nonverbal, signing a from does NOT make it valid

Question 15

if patients have capacity what is the GMC model of approach

Answer 15

make assessment of patient condition
identify treatments and options
patient decides whether to accept
discuss why if patient request is not optimal

Question 16

what is delegated consent

Answer 16

consent tale for a procedure by someone not competent to carrot out
requires specific training

Question 17

what is the mental capacity act

Answer 17

replaces enduring power of attorney with a wider reaching lasting power of attorney

Question 18

what is IMCA in mental capacity act

Answer 18

indépendant mental capacity advocacy

Question 19

what are the 5 principles of the mental capacity act

Answer 19

always presume capacity and prove that it does not exist
supported participation in decision making
right to make unwise decision - respect the decision if have capacity
best interest at heart
least restrictive alternative

Question 20

what is incapacity what what happens if that is the case

Answer 20

person lack capacity - mind or brain disturbance
fails to absorb, retain, communicate the decisions
- can be temporary

Question 21

what do designated decision makers aid capacity

Answer 21

lasting power of attorney - someone with capacity nominated to make decisions once the patients capacity is lost

Question 22

what decision makers cannot override a LPA’s or have the power to refuse life sustaining treatment

Answer 22

court appointed deputies, welfare, health and finance decisions

Question 23

what is an advance directive in mental capacity decision making

Answer 23

decision made by an adult who at the time has competence to apply to circumstances where competence is lost in the future, only relate to refusal of treatment

Question 24

what must happen for an AD to refuse life saving treatment

Answer 24

must be in writing, signed and witnesses - specific and valid at the time