Responses to traumatic stress Flashcards

1
Q

Individual exposed traumatic events?

A

Intentional
- assault
- robbery
- rape

Unintentional
- motor vehicle accident
- industrial accident

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2
Q

Community/population exposed traumatic events?

A

Human made
- Industrial disaster
- Transportation disaster

Natural
- Earthquake
- Floods
- hurricane

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3
Q

Further examples of traumatic events?

A

Transportation disasters
Terrorism
Assault
Road traffic incidents
Fires
Industrial Injury
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Critical illness

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4
Q

What is type 1 trauma?

A

Single incident trauma - sudden, unexpected.

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5
Q

What is type 2 trauma?

A

Repetitive trauma
- ongoing abuse, hostage taking

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- betrayal of trust in primary caregiving relationship
- developmental trauma - issues about attachment /attunement
- x3 risk for PTSD (complex PTSD) compared with Type 1
- may affect as many as 1 in 10 to 1 in 7 children

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6
Q

50% of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of childhood deprivation or abuse. true/false?

A

True

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7
Q

Is anxiety a sign of weakness?

A

No

A genetically ingrained function of the nervous system

NOT a sign of weakness

It has adaptive evolutionary significance
promotes survival

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8
Q

Fight, flight, freeze, hide, seek, avoid, attach, submit, despair & uncontrolled activation states all originate from where?

A

All originate in PAG or Ventral Tegmental Area

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9
Q

What is the ventral tegmental area?

A

known for regulating reward consumption, learning, memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine (DA) release in downstream regions.

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10
Q

Brain activity when under threat?

A

Activity shifts from cortex (PFC) to brainstem - SC (superior colliculus) & PAG (Periaqueductal gray)

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11
Q

What can cause deactivation of Broca’s area?

A

Deactivation of Broca’s area when individual’s access personal traumatic memories

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12
Q

Patient-related risk factors?

A

severe acute stress reaction
low serum cortisol increase acutely
family or personal history of mental disorder
serious physical injury (patient’s perception)
loss of normal daily function (such as employment)
extremes of age (varies by trauma)
transgenerational effects
past experience of trauma
especially childhood/developmental trauma

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13
Q

Environmental risk factors?

A

lack of a support network (or inability to utilise it)
ongoing life stresses
reactions of others
lack of economic resources
disadvantage (whether social, educational or economic)
displacement

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14
Q

Trauma / disasters are truly exceptional events. True/false?

A

False

They are a normal part of daily life & in some areas or for some people - a repetitive experience

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15
Q

Trauma is equal opportunity, without respect for social class or economic status. True/false?

A

False

Poor & marginalised are much more likely to be victims (& die)
Also, less likely to present for treatment

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16
Q

Panic is a common response to a traumatic event (including disasters). True/false?

A

False

Most people behave rationally - panic is rare
e.g., empirical evidence from London bombings, Kings Cross Fire & Piper Alpha Oil Platform Disaster