Responses to traumatic stress Flashcards
Individual exposed traumatic events?
Intentional
- assault
- robbery
- rape
Unintentional
- motor vehicle accident
- industrial accident
Community/population exposed traumatic events?
Human made
- Industrial disaster
- Transportation disaster
Natural
- Earthquake
- Floods
- hurricane
Further examples of traumatic events?
Transportation disasters
Terrorism
Assault
Road traffic incidents
Fires
Industrial Injury
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Critical illness
What is type 1 trauma?
Single incident trauma - sudden, unexpected.
What is type 2 trauma?
Repetitive trauma
- ongoing abuse, hostage taking
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- betrayal of trust in primary caregiving relationship
- developmental trauma - issues about attachment /attunement
- x3 risk for PTSD (complex PTSD) compared with Type 1
- may affect as many as 1 in 10 to 1 in 7 children
50% of patients with bipolar disorder have a history of childhood deprivation or abuse. true/false?
True
Is anxiety a sign of weakness?
No
A genetically ingrained function of the nervous system
NOT a sign of weakness
It has adaptive evolutionary significance
promotes survival
Fight, flight, freeze, hide, seek, avoid, attach, submit, despair & uncontrolled activation states all originate from where?
All originate in PAG or Ventral Tegmental Area
What is the ventral tegmental area?
known for regulating reward consumption, learning, memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine (DA) release in downstream regions.
Brain activity when under threat?
Activity shifts from cortex (PFC) to brainstem - SC (superior colliculus) & PAG (Periaqueductal gray)
What can cause deactivation of Broca’s area?
Deactivation of Broca’s area when individual’s access personal traumatic memories
Patient-related risk factors?
severe acute stress reaction
low serum cortisol increase acutely
family or personal history of mental disorder
serious physical injury (patient’s perception)
loss of normal daily function (such as employment)
extremes of age (varies by trauma)
transgenerational effects
past experience of trauma
especially childhood/developmental trauma
Environmental risk factors?
lack of a support network (or inability to utilise it)
ongoing life stresses
reactions of others
lack of economic resources
disadvantage (whether social, educational or economic)
displacement
Trauma / disasters are truly exceptional events. True/false?
False
They are a normal part of daily life & in some areas or for some people - a repetitive experience
Trauma is equal opportunity, without respect for social class or economic status. True/false?
False
Poor & marginalised are much more likely to be victims (& die)
Also, less likely to present for treatment