Responses and Adaptations

Question 1

What are the four responses of exercise to the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Increased pliability of ligaments
Increased bone mineral uptake
Increased production of synovial fluid
Reduced viscosity of synovial fluid

Question 2

What are three adaptations of exercise to the skeletal system?

Answer 2

Increased bone density
Increased thickness of articular cartilage
Increased ligament strength.

Question 3

Describe what increased production of synovial fluid means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 3

Synovial fluid protects cartilage from drying out - so increased production means increased lubrication - increased range of movement - decreased risk of injury.
Response

Question 3

Describe what increased pliability of ligaments means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 3

Increased temperature - increased range of movement - decreased risk of injury
Response

Question 3

Describe what reduced viscosity of synovial fluid means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 3

Due to increased temperature
Thinner fluid, so increased range of movement, so decreased risk of injury.
Response

Question 4

Describe what increased bone mineral uptake means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 4

Due to stress on the bones, osteoclasts clear old bone cells, so osteoblasts can bring calcium to the bone.
Response

Question 5

Describe what increased bone density means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 5

Decreased risk of injury and / or osteoporosis.
Adaptation

Question 6

Describe what increase ligament strength means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 6

Stress to ligaments during exercise, so they repair and grow.
Increased stability
Decreased risk of dislocation

Question 6

Describe what increased thickness of articular cartilage means?
Adaptation or Response?

Answer 6

Due to increased synovial fluid production as a response to exercise, nutrients are supplied form the synovial fluid to the cartilage, over time as an adaptation, it increases the thickness.
Adaptation

Question 7

What is arthritis?

Answer 7

Disease causing inflammation at the joint, causing pain, stiffness and friction at the joint.

Question 8

How is arthritis caused?

Answer 8

Due to breakdown or wearing away of cartilage.

Question 9

What are the two types of arthritis?

Answer 9

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 10

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 10

Articular cartilage thins - causing pain and lack of mobility

Question 11

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 11

Inflammation due to build up of synovial fluid - stretches joint capsule - reduces stability at joint - pain an risk of joint deformity.

Question 12

Why might lack of weight bearing exercise cause arthritis?

Answer 12

No increase in synovial fluid
Not getting nutrients
Cartilage won’t adapt and thicken

Question 13

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 13

Condition where there is reduction in bone density.
Bones become brittle and therefore there is increased risk of fractures.

Question 14

What causes osteoporosis?

Answer 14

Caused by a lack of nutrients (calcium and vitamin D)
Lack of weight bearing exercise (due to no increase in bone mineral uptake so no increased bone density)

Question 15

How does osteoporosis affect bone growth?

Answer 15

Less stress on bones, so less osteoclasts to clear dead cells, so less osteoblasts to build/ remodel bone.

Question 16

Why is weight training bad for children?

Answer 16

Children should not lift heavy weights - muscles get too big for connective tissues and bones - strain on tendons - muscles pull on bones with too much force - can damage bones at growth plates - could stunt growth.