Responses and Adaptations Flashcards
What are the four responses of exercise to the skeletal system?
Increased pliability of ligaments
Increased bone mineral uptake
Increased production of synovial fluid
Reduced viscosity of synovial fluid
What are three adaptations of exercise to the skeletal system?
Increased bone density
Increased thickness of articular cartilage
Increased ligament strength.
Describe what increased production of synovial fluid means?
Adaptation or Response?
Synovial fluid protects cartilage from drying out - so increased production means increased lubrication - increased range of movement - decreased risk of injury.
Response
Describe what increased pliability of ligaments means?
Adaptation or Response?
Increased temperature - increased range of movement - decreased risk of injury
Response
Describe what reduced viscosity of synovial fluid means?
Adaptation or Response?
Due to increased temperature
Thinner fluid, so increased range of movement, so decreased risk of injury.
Response
Describe what increased bone mineral uptake means?
Adaptation or Response?
Due to stress on the bones, osteoclasts clear old bone cells, so osteoblasts can bring calcium to the bone.
Response
Describe what increased bone density means?
Adaptation or Response?
Decreased risk of injury and / or osteoporosis.
Adaptation
Describe what increase ligament strength means?
Adaptation or Response?
Stress to ligaments during exercise, so they repair and grow.
Increased stability
Decreased risk of dislocation
Describe what increased thickness of articular cartilage means?
Adaptation or Response?
Due to increased synovial fluid production as a response to exercise, nutrients are supplied form the synovial fluid to the cartilage, over time as an adaptation, it increases the thickness.
Adaptation
What is arthritis?
Disease causing inflammation at the joint, causing pain, stiffness and friction at the joint.
How is arthritis caused?
Due to breakdown or wearing away of cartilage.
What are the two types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is osteoarthritis?
Articular cartilage thins - causing pain and lack of mobility
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Inflammation due to build up of synovial fluid - stretches joint capsule - reduces stability at joint - pain an risk of joint deformity.
Why might lack of weight bearing exercise cause arthritis?
No increase in synovial fluid
Not getting nutrients
Cartilage won’t adapt and thicken
What is osteoporosis?
Condition where there is reduction in bone density.
Bones become brittle and therefore there is increased risk of fractures.
What causes osteoporosis?
Caused by a lack of nutrients (calcium and vitamin D)
Lack of weight bearing exercise (due to no increase in bone mineral uptake so no increased bone density)
How does osteoporosis affect bone growth?
Less stress on bones, so less osteoclasts to clear dead cells, so less osteoblasts to build/ remodel bone.
Why is weight training bad for children?
Children should not lift heavy weights - muscles get too big for connective tissues and bones - strain on tendons - muscles pull on bones with too much force - can damage bones at growth plates - could stunt growth.
