Respiratory Viruses

Question 1

3 respiratory viruses

Answer 1

flu A and B, RSV, measles

Question 2

3 respiratory viruses

Answer 2

flu A and B, RSV, measles

Question 3

contrast influenza, RSV and measles

Answer 3

flu: annual/seasonal, respiratory, specific antivirals, vaccines, zoonotic

RSV: annual and seasonal, respiratory, no specific antivirals or vaccines

measles: sporadic, systemic via respiratory, no specific antivirals, vaccines

Question 4

common bacterial superinfection w/ flu

Answer 4

MSSA or MRSA, strep pneumo, group A strep

Question 5

reason for bacterial superinfection

Answer 5

viral damage to mucosal epithelium

Question 6

pulm complications of flu

Answer 6

secondary bacterial pneumonia, exacerbation of other pulm diseases, croup

Question 7

differentiate type A and B

Answer 7

A: zoonotic, all ages, moderate to severe illness

B: only humans, milder, mostly children

Question 8

3 major components of flu A virion

Answer 8

hemagglutinin-binds sialic acid

neuraminidase- cleaves sialic acid, allowing new virions to leave host cell

M2 ion channel

Question 9

contrast antigenic shift and drift

Answer 9

drift- gradual mutation of zoonotic viruses that allow infection and transmission (cause of continually new strands and prevents full immunity)

shift- reassortment of segmented genome, swapping of genes (causes brand new epidemics)

Question 10

moa of amantadine and rimantadine

Answer 10

M2 ion inhibitors, block endosomal release of disassembling virus

not used much anymore

Question 11

oseltamavir, zanamivir, peramavir moa

Answer 11

neuraminidase inhibition- dont allow release of new virions

Question 12

xofluza moa

Answer 12

inhibits “cap snatching” viruses use to make and protect mRNA

Question 13

potential target for universal flu vaccine

Answer 13

stem of hemaggluttinin rather than the highly variable head region

Question 14

type of virus for the flu

Answer 14

segmented RNA genome

Question 15

category of RSV

Answer 15

paramyxovirus- enveloped, non segmented negative sense RNA

Question 16

greatest risk of RSV

Answer 16

infants under 1 month for hospitalization- most are preveiously healthy

Question 17

potential RSV manifestation in airways

Answer 17

bronchiolitis- mucus and necrotic epithelial cells in bronchiolar lumen, PMN and macro accumulation

Question 18

rx for RSV

Answer 18

supportive (H2O and O2), ribivarin, passive Ig

Question 19

measles sx

Answer 19

fever, cough, coryza, photophobia, macular red rash, koplik spots in mouth

Question 20

epi of measles

Answer 20

extremely contagious, but very stable genome w/o drift so susceptible to vaccines

Question 21

dissemination of measles

Answer 21

leaves lung via lymph and quickly becomes systemic- including skin and oral mucosa (koplik spots)

Question 22

contrast influenza, RSV and measles

Answer 22

flu: annual/seasonal, respiratory, specific antivirals, vaccines, zoonotic

RSV: annual and seasonal, respiratory, no specific antivirals or vaccines

measles: sporadic, systemic via respiratory, no specific antivirals, vaccines

Question 23

common bacterial superinfection w/ flu

Answer 23

MSSA or MRSA, strep pneumo, group A strep

Question 24

reason for bacterial superinfection

Answer 24

viral damage to mucosal epithelium

Question 25

pulm complications of flu

Answer 25

secondary bacterial pneumonia, exacerbation of other pulm diseases, croup

Question 26

differentiate type A and B

Answer 26

A: zoonotic, all ages, moderate to severe illness

B: only humans, milder, mostly children

Question 27

3 major components of flu A virion

Answer 27

hemagglutinin-binds sialic acid

neuraminidase- cleaves sialic acid, allowing new virions to leave host cell

M2 ion channel

Question 28

contrast antigenic shift and drift

Answer 28

drift- gradual mutation of zoonotic viruses that allow infection and transmission (cause of continually new strands and prevents full immunity)

shift- reassortment of segmented genome, swapping of genes (causes brand new epidemics)

Question 29

moa of amantadine and rimantadine

Answer 29

M2 ion inhibitors, block endosomal release of disassembling virus

not used much anymore

Question 30

oseltamavir, zanamivir, peramavir moa

Answer 30

neuraminidase inhibition- dont allow release of new virions

Question 31

xofluza moa

Answer 31

inhibits “cap snatching” viruses use to make and protect mRNA

Question 32

potential target for universal flu vaccine

Answer 32

stem of hemaggluttinin rather than the highly variable head region

Question 33

type of virus for the flu

Answer 33

segmented RNA genome

Question 34

category of RSV

Answer 34

paramyxovirus- enveloped, non segmented negative sense RNA

Question 35

greatest risk of RSV

Answer 35

infants under 1 month for hospitalization- most are preveiously healthy

Question 36

potential RSV manifestation in airways

Answer 36

bronchiolitis- mucus and necrotic epithelial cells in bronchiolar lumen, PMN and macro accumulation

Question 37

rx for RSV

Answer 37

supportive (H2O and O2), ribivarin, passive Ig

Question 38

measles sx

Answer 38

fever, cough, coryza, photophobia, macular red rash, koplik spots in mouth

Question 39

epi of measles

Answer 39

extremely contagious, but very stable genome w/o drift so susceptible to vaccines

Question 40

dissemination of measles

Answer 40

leaves lung via lymph and quickly becomes systemic- including skin and oral mucosa (koplik spots)