Anti-Virals Flashcards

1
Q

CMV is a ___ type of virus

A

ds DNA

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2
Q

drugs for CMV

A

ganciclovir, valganciclovir

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3
Q

CMV drug target

A

block viral DNA synthesis

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4
Q

ganciclovir moa (2 effects)

A

mimics guanosine, converted to the active triphosphate form by viral and cellular enzymes

competes w/ GTP for polymerase binding and incorporates into DNA causing termination

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5
Q

resistance to ganciclovir

A

mutations in CMV kinase or CMV DNA pol

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6
Q

ganciclovir toxicity

A

myelosuppression, potential teratogen

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7
Q

PK issues w/ ganciclovir

A

low oral bioavailability

corrected w/ valganciclovir, the prodrug form

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8
Q

targets for flu drugs

A

coat proteins- M2 channel and neuraminidase

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9
Q

amantadine and rimantidine moa

A

inhibit viral uncoating at M2 proton pump (acidifies interior and helps w/ uncoating)

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10
Q

oseltamivir and zanamivir moa

A

inhibit virion release by inhibiting neuraminidase cleavage of sialic acid-hemagglutinin complex

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11
Q

inhaled zanamivir toxicity

A

broncospasm- avoid w/ asthma or COPD

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12
Q

ribivarin moa

A

inhibits viral RNA synthesis, it is a guanosine analogue

3 effects: inhibits GTP synthesis, RNA replication, and incorporates to make a defective genome

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13
Q

ribivarin use

A

for RSV- never uses DNA

difficult to administer, rarely used

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14
Q

PK issues for ribivarin

A

high Vd b/c it concentrates in RBCs and has slow release

clearance is reduced w/ renal deficiency, leads to more buildiup in RBCs

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15
Q

ribivarin toxicity

A

hemolytic anemia- dose dependent and reversible

category X teratogen- never use for pregnant woman, birth control for 7 months after using

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16
Q

ribivarin drug interaction

A

blocks activation of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors

problem b/c HIV pts more likely to get RSV

17
Q

flu and RSV are __ type viruses

A

single stranded RNA