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Respiratory Exam 2 > Lung Infection Pathology > Flashcards

Lung Infection Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory response to bacteria

A

typically acute inflammation w/ PMNs in alveoli, RBCs in septae

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2
Q

inflammatory response to viruses

A

chronic, lymphos in septae

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3
Q

inflammatory response to fungi and mycobacteria

A

granulomas- Langhans giant cells and histiocytes (connective tissue macrophage)

often have necrotic center

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4
Q

differentiate broncho and lobar pneumonia

A

broncho- scatter foci in single or multiple lobes, terminally ill pts, common cause of death, any type of bacteria

lobar- complete consolidation of lobe, usually strep pneumo, red hepatization early and grey hepatization late

both are bacterial!

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5
Q

describe strep pneumo

A

encapsulated G+ diplococci, normal nasopharynx resident, often preceded by viral infection and/or altered bronchial secretions

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6
Q

contrast the early vs late pathology of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

early (3-4 days)- red hepatization, pulm edema, intra alveolar PMNs and RBCS

late (5-7 days)- gray hepatization, serum/ fibrinous exudates, intra alveolar organization, macrophages

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7
Q

anaerobic bacteria examples

A

streptococci, fusobacteria, baccteroides

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8
Q

characteristic of anaerobic aspiration pneumonia

A

necrosis w/ or w/o abscess, foul smelling sputum

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9
Q

characteristics of actinomyces

A

abscesses w/ colonies (sulfur granules), not acid fast

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10
Q

characteristics of nocardia

A

absecess in immunocompromised, acid fast (to distinguish from actinomyces)

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11
Q

complication of bacterial pneumonia

A

abscess, pyothorax, empyema, bacteremia

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12
Q

describe a pulm abscess

A

walled off infection, foul sputum, commonly predisposed by alcoholism (more oral bacteria, impaired cough)

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13
Q

empyema

A

infection of pleural fluid, can become loculated

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14
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria in the blood stream- endocarditis, meningitis, pericarditis

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15
Q

describe mycoplasma infection

A

acute inflammation in wall and lumen of bronchiole

milder (walking)

highly transmissible via droplets, easily treated

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16
Q

culture for MTB

A

small, acid fast bacillus

slow growing, 3-6 weeks

17
Q

radiology findings for MTB

A

Gohn complex, nodules, cavities

18
Q

ghon complex

A

combo of peripheral nidus of infection (ghon focus, often caseous necrosis) and an infected lymph node (hilar or mediastinal)

19
Q

primary Tb

A

inhalation of MTB, granulomatous host response

most are asymptomatic

20
Q

secondary Tb

A

new infection in previously sensitized pt or reactivation of primary TB (w/ lower immune response)

granulomas in apical/posterior upper lobes

multi possibilities: confined in granuloma or new granulomas, cavitate, disseminate thru miliary spread

21
Q

4 complications of TB

A

miliary TB, hemoptysis (erosion into pulm artery), broncho pleural fistula (erosion into pleural space and empyema), cavity (future home for aspergilloma)

22
Q

miliary TB

A

many small granulomas in multi organs from hematogenous spread

23
Q

4 fungal pathogens and their locations

A

histo - ohio river valley, bird droppings

coccidiodies- SW US

crypto- pigeon droppings

blasto- mississippe, ohio, missouri rivers

24
Q

histo immune response

A

necrotizing granulomatous inflammation- identicle to TB w/o silver stains

25
Q

histology and gross of crypto

A

looks like a neoplasm grossly (and imaging), caseating granuloma, organisms visible w/ mucicarmine stain

26
Q

shape of aspergillus

A

septate hyphae w/ acute angle branching

27
Q

aspergillosis disease

A

invasive, aspergilloma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

28
Q

invasive aspergillosis

A

immunocompromised hosts- invasion of blood vessels and causes infarction/thrombosis

necrosis w/ organisms in vessel walls

29
Q

aspergilloma

A

fungus ball (mycetoma)- grows w/i preexsiting cavity usually from TB

tangled mat of hyphae, visible by X ray

30
Q

ABPA

A

immune reaction to aspergillus

eosinophilia of blood and sputum, increased igE

31
Q

pneumocystis patholgy

A

filling of alveolar airspace w/ organisms and proteinaceous fluid- “frothy” exudates in alveoli

esp HIV pts

32
Q

staining for PJP

A

silver stain shows cup shaped bugs

33
Q

CMV histology

A

large cells w/ intranuclear inclusions

34
Q

herpes histology for pulm

A

large cells w/ nuclear inclusions

3 Ms- mult nucleation, margination, molding (fusing together)

Respiratory Exam 2 (11 decks)

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