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Respiratory Exam 1 > Respiratory Viruses > Flashcards

Respiratory Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of otitis media.

A

Strep Pneumo

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2
Q

Most common cause of nose infection and why it is so contagious.

A

Rhinovirus
-naked virus that can survive on fomites for days, so it is transmitted easily

(coronavirus is second most common but it is enveloped)

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3
Q

Receptor used by the Rhinovirus

A

ICAM-1

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4
Q

What causes the runny nose in a cold caused by the Rhinovirus.

A

Infected cells release bradykinin and histamine increasing secretions and mucous production

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5
Q

Main causes of epiglottitis.

A

Bacterial: H. flu, S. pneumo, S. aureus

however viral infections can predispose patients to developing epiglottits

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6
Q

Rhinovirus and coronavirus primarily infect the nose. How can these viruses also cause pharyngitis.

A

Post Nasal drip from the cold causes sore throat.

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7
Q

Main bug that causes pharyngitis in children and military recruits.

A

Adenovirus

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8
Q

Virus that causes Herpangina and the symptoms of the disease.

A

Coxsackie A

-fever, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting

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9
Q

3 herpes virus that cause pharyngitis and the populations associated with these viruses.

A

EBV: pharyngitis with mono, children, young adults
CMV: older/sexually active
HSV-1: children, young adults

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10
Q

Virus that causes parotitis.

A

Mumps Virus

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11
Q

Major complication of a mumps infection.

A

Orchitis

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12
Q

What is croup and the major cause of it.

A

A respiratory condition caused by acute viral infection (usually parainfluenza virus) leading to swelling in the throat and trachea leading to seal bark cough, stridor, and hoarseness.

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13
Q

Type of cells that can be seen in culture of sputum in a patient infected with Parainfluenza viruses.

A

Syncitial Cells (giant cells)

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14
Q

1 cause of bronchiolitis.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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15
Q

Why is RSV more severe in infants than adults?

A

Smaller airways have more of a change of occlusion from the swelling.

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16
Q

Tx for RSV infection.

A

Aerosol Ribavirin

-guanosine analog that inhibits viral nucleic acid synthesis

17
Q

What is the caution with ribavirin?

A

It is Teratogenic, meaning pregnant women should not be near administration of the drug

18
Q

Main 3 viruses that cause pneumonia.

A

Atypical

  1. RSV
  2. Parainfluenza
  3. Influenza
19
Q

Distinguished characteristic about the Flu virus.

A

Segmented genome

20
Q

Only flu virus that undergoes antigenic shift.

A

Flu A

  • infects animals and humans
  • B and C infect just humans
21
Q

Name the two proteins on the Influenza virus envelope and how they function during infection.

A

Hemagglutinin: binds sialic acid on host epithelial cells so the virus can enter

Neuraminidase: cleaves sialic acid and thins mucous allowing new viruses to leave the host cell

22
Q

Neurological complication that occurs with Flu Virus infection.

A

Guillain-Barre

23
Q

Medications to treat Flu.

A

Host cell entry blockers

  • Amantadine
  • Rimantadine

NA inhibitors

  • Zanamavir
  • Oseltamavir
24
Q

What is contained in the flu vaccine?

A

4 strains with 2A and 2B antigens

-contains the most common infections from the previous year

25
Q

Which flu vaccine is live and which is killed?

A

Inhaled is live

IM is killed

26
Q

Cause of pneumonia in military recruits.

A

Adenovirus

27
Q

How does adenovirus attach to host cells.

A

Penton Fibers

-very toxic to cells and causes fatal pneumonia

28
Q

Virus associated with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.

A

Measles

29
Q

What forms in the mouth and on the skin in patients infected with measles?

A

Koplick Spots: mouth

Maculopapular Rash: starts behind ears and spreads down body

30
Q

Complication of Measles virus.

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

-can occur decades after initial infection

31
Q

Virus spread in dust from rodent dung in the desert southwest.

A

Hantavirus

32
Q

Unique characteristic about Hantavirus.

A

Segmented Genome

33
Q

Complications of Hantavirus infection.

A

Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome

Pulmonary Capillary Leak Syndrome

Respiratory Exam 1 (19 decks)

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