Respiratory Viruses Flashcards
Most common cause of otitis media.
Strep Pneumo
Most common cause of nose infection and why it is so contagious.
Rhinovirus
-naked virus that can survive on fomites for days, so it is transmitted easily
(coronavirus is second most common but it is enveloped)
Receptor used by the Rhinovirus
ICAM-1
What causes the runny nose in a cold caused by the Rhinovirus.
Infected cells release bradykinin and histamine increasing secretions and mucous production
Main causes of epiglottitis.
Bacterial: H. flu, S. pneumo, S. aureus
however viral infections can predispose patients to developing epiglottits
Rhinovirus and coronavirus primarily infect the nose. How can these viruses also cause pharyngitis.
Post Nasal drip from the cold causes sore throat.
Main bug that causes pharyngitis in children and military recruits.
Adenovirus
Virus that causes Herpangina and the symptoms of the disease.
Coxsackie A
-fever, sore throat, anorexia, vomiting
3 herpes virus that cause pharyngitis and the populations associated with these viruses.
EBV: pharyngitis with mono, children, young adults
CMV: older/sexually active
HSV-1: children, young adults
Virus that causes parotitis.
Mumps Virus
Major complication of a mumps infection.
Orchitis
What is croup and the major cause of it.
A respiratory condition caused by acute viral infection (usually parainfluenza virus) leading to swelling in the throat and trachea leading to seal bark cough, stridor, and hoarseness.
Type of cells that can be seen in culture of sputum in a patient infected with Parainfluenza viruses.
Syncitial Cells (giant cells)
1 cause of bronchiolitis.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Why is RSV more severe in infants than adults?
Smaller airways have more of a change of occlusion from the swelling.
Tx for RSV infection.
Aerosol Ribavirin
-guanosine analog that inhibits viral nucleic acid synthesis
What is the caution with ribavirin?
It is Teratogenic, meaning pregnant women should not be near administration of the drug
Main 3 viruses that cause pneumonia.
Atypical
- RSV
- Parainfluenza
- Influenza
Distinguished characteristic about the Flu virus.
Segmented genome
Only flu virus that undergoes antigenic shift.
Flu A
- infects animals and humans
- B and C infect just humans
Name the two proteins on the Influenza virus envelope and how they function during infection.
Hemagglutinin: binds sialic acid on host epithelial cells so the virus can enter
Neuraminidase: cleaves sialic acid and thins mucous allowing new viruses to leave the host cell
Neurological complication that occurs with Flu Virus infection.
Guillain-Barre
Medications to treat Flu.
Host cell entry blockers
- Amantadine
- Rimantadine
NA inhibitors
- Zanamavir
- Oseltamavir
What is contained in the flu vaccine?
4 strains with 2A and 2B antigens
-contains the most common infections from the previous year
Which flu vaccine is live and which is killed?
Inhaled is live
IM is killed
Cause of pneumonia in military recruits.
Adenovirus
How does adenovirus attach to host cells.
Penton Fibers
-very toxic to cells and causes fatal pneumonia
Virus associated with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
Measles
What forms in the mouth and on the skin in patients infected with measles?
Koplick Spots: mouth
Maculopapular Rash: starts behind ears and spreads down body
Complication of Measles virus.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
-can occur decades after initial infection
Virus spread in dust from rodent dung in the desert southwest.
Hantavirus
Unique characteristic about Hantavirus.
Segmented Genome
Complications of Hantavirus infection.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome
Pulmonary Capillary Leak Syndrome
