Immunology and Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Primary antibody located in the alveoli.
IgA
How does Strep pneumo pneumonia appear on chest X-ray and what is its major virulence factor?
Lobar infiltrate (vs. interstitial or global infiltrate)
-capsule
Which organism can cause a pneumonia with interstitial infiltrate?
Atypical pneumonias
- viral
- legionella
- mycoplasma
- chlamydophila
- etc.
Which Ab and complement protein are involved with opsonization?
Ab: IgG
Complement: C3b
General function of TH1 cells and most important cytokine they release.
Stimulate phagocyte-mediated ingestion and killing of microbes in cell-mediated immunity.
Secrete INF-gamma which activates macrophages
(TNF-alpha is also secreted and both mediators are active during TB infection)
Name the two proteins located the Flu Virus envelope and how there function.
Hemaglutinin: binds to sialic acid residues on respiratory epithelium (attachment)
Neuraminidase: cleaves sialic acid residues making respiratory mucous less viscous and easier for the virus to migrate thru.
Also allows newly formed viruses to leave the host cell by lysing the membrane and forming a new envelope around each new virus.
What is the host immune system’s first cytokine released in response to viral infection?
INF-alpha
Why is the flu virus able to undergo antigenic drift (the reason we need vaccines every year) and occasional antigenic shift (pandemic occurrence)?
It has segmented ssRNA genetic material
What is the difference between atopic and non-atopic asthma?
Atopic: hypersensitivity to allergens, aspergillosis
Non-atopic: exercise, stress, viral infection
Mediators involved in late stage asthma.
IL-4 and IL-5 (Ab class switching)
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha (Fever)
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
Mechanisms and type of hypersensitivity of Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis.
Type III
-anti-strep Ag-Ab complex deposits in glomerulus forming lumpy-bumpy pattern.
Mechanisms and type of hypersensitivity of Goodpasture Syndrome.
Type II (cytotoxic) -Ab against type 4 collagen in basement membranes, forms smooth radiolucent pattern on nuclear radiography of glomerulus
Mechanisms and type of hypersensitivity of Graves Disease.
Type II (non-cytotoxic) -Ab binds TSH receptors causing excess release of thyroid hormones
Mechanisms and type of hypersensitivity of Multiple Sclerosis.
Type IV
-T cells recognize and destroy myelin
Mechanisms and type of hypersensitivity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Type III
-anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) bind antigen and form complexes that accumulate in the joints, glomerulus, and blood vessels
